Prakirnaka, Prakīrṇaka: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Prakirnaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—One of the six devices which form the requisite qualifications of Sanskrit grammar;—Prakīrṇaka is a collection of two or more sūtras to give a specific sense. It is also not found in the uṇādi-sūtras.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to “miscellaneous”, and is commonly classified as one of the eighteen vyavahārapada, or “law titles” in the ancient Dharmaśāstras. These vyavahārapadas are categories of ‘legal procedures’ and define a major type of crime for which a person may be tried. The term is derived from vyavahāra (“lawsuits” or “case”) which defines the case between the plaintiff and the defendant, which is often related to social and commercial transactions.
Prakīrṇaka is mentioned in the following sources as one of the eighteen vyavahārapadas: the Arthaśāstra (3.16.38), the Yājñavalkyasmṛti (2.5) and the Nāradasmṛti (mātṛkā 1.30).
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to a classification of Grāma (“towns”), according to the ninth chapter of the Kapiñjalasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an Ācārya, architecture, town-planning and iconography.—Description of the chapter [grāmavinyāsa]:—The rewards of town planning are great; moreover, by planning a town properly one sees to the construction of temples and, consequently, to the worship of God. Towns are called by several names [...]. Once a plot for a town is selected certain steps must then be taken: procession to the place, bali-offerings, setting up pegs and strings, etc. (4-9a). Various types of towns are named according to their lay-out of streets [e.g., prakīrṇaka]. [...]
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to “miscellaneous problems”, and represents a technical term occurring in the Gaṇitasāra-saṅgraha—an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with ancient Indian algebra and mathematical problems written by Mahāvīra (Mahāvīrācārya) in the 9th century.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—One of the ten sub-types of gods (devas), according to Jain cosmology. They are also known by the name Prakīrṇa. The occupation of the prakīrṇaka is to act as ordinary townsman or villagers.
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to a group of deities living in the Īśāna heaven, as mentioned in chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, as the door-keeper of the Śrīprabha palace said to the previous incarnation of Ṛṣabha:
“Today, O Lord, we are fortunate, having you as our lord. Show favor to us, humble, with your nectar-like glance. O Master, this is the Īśāna-heaven, granting anything wished for, with great and imperishable glory, always the abode of happiness. In that heaven you now adorn the palace Śrīprabha which was gained by your merit. [...] These Prakīrṇaka gods are the subjects in the city and country. Your Majesty, they will bear on their heads the purity of your command. [...]”.
1) Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक, “citizens”) refers to one of the ten grades (ranks) of celestial beings (deva), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 4.4. These celestial beings (devas, gods) are of four orders /classes” and each class of celestial beings has ten grades (e.g., Prakīrṇaka).
Who are called citizens (prakīrṇaka)? The citizens are like the citizens such as town folk, peasants, etc.
2) Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक, “scattered stars”) refers to a class of “stellar celestial beings” (jyotiṣī), itself a category of devas (celestial beings), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 4.10. Where are the scattered stars situated? The lowest stars amongst the stellar celestial revolve 790 yojana above the citra earth level.
Stellar celestial beings (e.g., Prakīrṇaka) are named after their vehicle which is endowed with shining light. These are called by the significant general name luminaries or stellar.
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to the “(various) other (aṅgas)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Now the fourfold division. It is as follows: A detailed definition of meditation which is considered as fourfold by the lords of mendicants (i.e. the Jinas) whose delusion is destroyed (munīśvara—kṣīṇamohaiṛ munīśvaraiḥ) [and] who are familiar with meditation [is] in the Pūrva collection and the other Aṅgas (prakīrṇaka—pūrvaprakīrṇakāṅgeṣu). Nowadays no-one is capable of describing even a hundredth part of that (i.e. the detailed meditation). Therefore, the very well-known meaning which is only a hint is described here”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) refers to part of the eighth main division of the collected works of Vasishtha Kavyakantha Ganapati Muni (1878 -1936), according to the essay written by Dr. Sampadananda Mishra (सम्पदानन्दमिश्रः / ସମ୍ପଦାନନ୍ଦ ମିଶ୍ର).—Ganapati Muni (also known as Ayyala Somayajulu Ganapathi Sastry) was a disciple of Ramana Maharshi (இரமண மகரிசி)—an Indian Hindu sage from the 19th century. He was born into a family well-known for its traditional learning and worship of the Divine as Mother (Sri Vidya / Shaktism). His teachings were collected by his disciple, Srivatsa-Natesan, and kept there. Highlighting various divisions and categories [e.g., prakīrṇaka], Dr. Sampadananda Mishra has edited and divided the entire literary storehouse of the sage in his essay called—“vāsiṣṭhagaṇapatimuneḥ sāhityam” (वासिष्ठगणपतिमुनेः साहित्यम्).
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—a. Scattered or strewn about &c.
-kaḥ, -kam 1 A chowrie, fly-flap (cāmara); Śiśupālavadha 12.17; प्रकीर्णकं पार्श्वंग- पाणिकम्पितम् (prakīrṇakaṃ pārśvaṃga- pāṇikampitam) Śāhendra.3.14; विप्रकीर्णं क्वचिच्छस्त्रं प्रकीर्णकमपि क्वचित् (viprakīrṇaṃ kvacicchastraṃ prakīrṇakamapi kvacit) Śiva B.21.53;22.6.
2) A tuft of hair used as an ornament for horses.
-kaḥ A horse.
-kam 1 A miscellany, any collection of miscellaneous things.
2) A miscellaneous chapter.
3) A section, chapter or division of a book.
4) A case not provided by the Śāstras and to be decided by the judge or king.
5) Extent, length (of a book &c.).
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—n.
(-kaṃ) 1. A Chowri, the tail of the Bos grunniens, used as a whisk or fan, a fly-flap. 2. The section or chapter of a book. 3. Extent, length, especially of a stanza or book. 4. (In law,) A case not provided for by the Shastras, and to be decided by the authority of the judge or king. 5. A miscellany. 6. Any collection of heterogeneous objects not arranged under any distinct classes or heads. f.
(-kā) Scattered about. m.
(-kaḥ) A horse. E. kan added to prakīrṇa .
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—[pra-kīrṇa + ka] (vb. kṛ10), n. The tail of the Bos grunniens, used as a fan and as an ornament of horses (m.), Mahābhārata 7, 1575.
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक).—[adjective] scattered, dispersed, mixed, miscellaneous; [neuter] miscellanea.
1) Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[dharma] Oppert. 805.
2) Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—the third part of the Vākyapadīya. Quoted by Rāyamukuṭa.
1) Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—[from prakara > pra-kṝ] mfn. scattered, dispersed, occurring singly or in single instances, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
2) [v.s. ...] mixed, containing various things, [ib. [Scholiast or Commentator]]
3) [v.s. ...] m. a horse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] m. (L. n.) a tuft of hair used as an ornament for horses, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] m. a chowrie (the tail of the Bos Grunniens used as a fan or fly-flap and as an orn° for h°), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] n. a miscellany, any collection of heterogeneous objects, [Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti i, 3, 12]
7) [v.s. ...] a section or division of a book, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] Name of the 3rd part of the Vākyapadīya and of another [work] [Catalogue(s)]
9) [v.s. ...] (in law) a case not provided for by the Śāstras and to be decided by the judge or king, [Horace H. Wilson]
10) [v.s. ...] extent, length, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—[pra-kīrṇaka] (kaṃ) 1. n. Idem. m. A horse.
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—(von prakīrṇa)
1) adj. zerstreut liegend, vereinzelt vorkommend: vāyavyaṃ (vajraṃ) ca yavopamamaśokakusumaprabhaṃ samuddiṣṭam . srotaḥ khaniḥ prakīrṇakamityākarasaṃbhavastrividhaḥ .. [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 81, 10.] n. nach [WILSON] eine gerichtliche Entscheidung eines in den Gesetzbüchern nicht vorgesehenen Falls. —
2) Fliegenwedel, n. [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 1, 31.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 32.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 717.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 4, 18. fg.] [Medinīkoṣa k. 196.] [Hārāvalī 172.] [Halāyudha 2, 268.] Im Epos m. Haarbüschel, als Schmuck bei Pferden, [Mahābhārata 7, 1575. 2315. 3638. 8, 753. 4913.] sadaśvaiḥ yuktaśvetaprakīrṇakaiḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 86, 9.] —
3) Pferd, m. [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 176.] [Medinīkoṣa] [ŚABDĀRTHAK.] bei [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] n. [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] —
4) n. Allerlei, Vermischtes, Miscellanea; = granthabheda [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Weber’s Indische Studien 1, 36, 16.] —
5) n. Ausdehnung [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa]
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Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—
4) [Oxforder Handschriften 211,a,2. 263,a,32.] —
6) Titel eines Werkes [SARVADARŚANAS. 140, 6.]
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):——
1) Adj. — a) zerstreut liegend , vereinzelt vorkommend. — b) vermischt , allerlei enthaltend. [UTPALA] zu [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka 22(20),1.] —
2) m. (*n.) — a) Fliegenwedel [Mahābhārata 7,64,13.8,19,43.94,20.] — b) Haarbüschel als Schmuck der Pferde — c) *Pferd. —
3) n. — a) Allerlei , Vermischtes , Miscellanea. — b) Titel eines Werkes [Private libraries (Gustav) 1.] — c) eine gerichtliche Entscheidung eines in den Gesetzbüchern nicht vorgesehenen Falles. — d) *Ausdehnung.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Prakīrṇaka (ಪ್ರಕೀರ್ಣಕ):—[adjective] scattered or strewn about.
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Prakīrṇaka (ಪ್ರಕೀರ್ಣಕ):—
1) [noun] a book which is a collection of articles on miscellaneous subjects.
2) [noun] a bunch or tuft of long hair used to agitate the air and direct towards (a deity, king, etc. esp. as a service).
3) [noun] (jain.) one of the means for proving a proposition.
4) [noun] (myth.) name of a hell.
5) [noun] a particular class of gods.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Prakīrṇaka (प्रकीर्णक):—n. a miscellany; a collection of miscellaneous things;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Pra.
Starts with: Prakirnaka-lekha, Prakirnakadana, Prakirnakadanani, Prakirnakadhikara, Prakirnakanda.
Full-text (+14): Catuhsharanaprakirnaka, Nityahomadiprakirnaka, Prakirnaka-lekha, Prakirnakadana, Vakyapadiya, Prakirna, Paryantaradhanasutra, Paryantaradhana, Catuhsharana, Prakirnakadhikara, Karnayugmaprakirnaka, Prakirnak, Prakirnak-lekh, Tandulavaitalika, Deva, Vimana, Shruta, Shrutajnana, Za a pi tan xin lun, Avantisukumalacopai.
Relevant text
Search found 39 books and stories containing Prakirnaka, Pra-kirnaka, Pra-kīrṇaka, Prakīrṇaka; (plurals include: Prakirnakas, kirnakas, kīrṇakas, Prakīrṇakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra (by Bai Bahadur J. L. Jaini)
Part 4.2 - The Anga-Bahya Shruta < [Introduction (volume 1)]
Chapter 12 - The concept of Jnana margana (Knowledge Soul Quest) < [Volume 1 - Jiva-kanda (the soul)]
Part 4.1 - The Twelve Angas < [Introduction (volume 1)]
Ganita-sara-sangraha by Mahavira-Acharya (by M. Rangacharya)
Chapter 4 - Trtiyah prakirnaka vyavaharah < [Part 2 - Sanskrit text]
Chapter 1 - Samjnadhikarah < [Part 2 - Sanskrit text]
Chapter 4 - Miscellaneous problems (prakirnaka-vyavahara) < [Part 1 - English translation]
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Alaṃkāra (3): Kāvyārtha-Yoni < [Chapter 3 - Contribution of Rājaśekhara to Sanskrit Poetics]
Part 4.3 - Sources of Kāvyārtha (poetic theme) < [Chapter 5 - Analyasis and Interpretations of the Kāvyamīmāṃsā]
Appendix 1 - Ācārya, Kavi and important persons mentioned in the Kāvyamīmāṃsā
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 4.4 - Ten grades of celestial beings < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]
Verse 4.16 - The heavenly beings (vaimānika-deva) < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]
Verse 4.12 - The subclasses of the stellar beings (jyotiṣka-deva) < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)