Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.94

जन्म-मृत्यु-जरा-व्याधि-वेदनाभिर् उपद्रुतम् ।
संसारम् इमम् उत्पन्नम् असारं त्यजतः सुखम् ॥ ९४ ॥

janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-vedanābhir upadrutam |
saṃsāram imam utpannam asāraṃ tyajataḥ sukham || 94 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.94 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.94). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Janma, Janman, Jara, Jaras, Vyadhin, Vyadhi, Vedana, Upadruta, Samsara, Idam, Utpanna, Asara, Tyajat, Sukham, Sukha,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.94). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-vedanābhir upadrutam
  • janma -
  • janma (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    janma (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    janman (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • mṛtyu -
  • mṛtyu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • jarā* -
  • jara (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    jarā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    jaras (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    jaras (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vyādhi -
  • vyādhin (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vyādhin (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    vyādhi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vyādhī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
  • vedanābhir -
  • vedanā (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental plural]
  • upadrutam -
  • upadruta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    upadruta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    upadrutā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • Line 2: “saṃsāram imam utpannam asāraṃ tyajataḥ sukham
  • saṃsāram -
  • saṃsāra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
  • imam -
  • idam (pronoun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • utpannam -
  • utpanna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    utpanna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    utpannā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • asāram -
  • asāra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    asāra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    asārā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • tyajataḥ -
  • tyaj -> tyajat (participle, masculine)
    [accusative plural from √tyaj class 1 verb], [ablative single from √tyaj class 1 verb], [genitive single from √tyaj class 1 verb]
    tyaj -> tyajat (participle, neuter)
    [ablative single from √tyaj class 1 verb], [genitive single from √tyaj class 1 verb]
    tyaj (verb class 1)
    [present active third dual]
  • sukham -
  • sukham (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    sukha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sukha (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sukhā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.94

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.94 in Gujarati sript:
જન્મ-મૃત્યુ-જરા-વ્યાધિ-વેદનાભિર્ ઉપદ્રુતમ્ ।
સંસારમ્ ઇમમ્ ઉત્પન્નમ્ અસારં ત્યજતઃ સુખમ્ ॥ ૯૪ ॥

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