Vimarsha, Vimarśa, Vimarṣa: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Vimarsha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Vimarśa and Vimarṣa can be transliterated into English as Vimarsa or Vimarsha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Vimarsh.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraVimarśa (विमर्श, “pause”) refers to one of the “five segments” of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic play (nāṭaka), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. It is also known by the name Avamarśa. These five segments are assigned to the principal plot (ādhikārika).
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraVimarśa (विमर्श, “deliberation”).—One of the five segments (sandhi) of a dramatic play;—One’s pause (vimarśa, lit. deliberation) over the Seed (bīja) that has sprouted in the Development (garbha) on account of some temptation, anger or distress, is called the Segment (sandhi) of that name (i.e. Pause).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (Shaivism)Vimarśa (विमर्श) refers to “reflective awareness”.—In his Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī, Abhinavagupta understands scriptures in such a way that all scriptures, even those of the Buddhists and Jains, possess validity in their own sphere. He broadly defines religious scripture (āgama) as a verbal designation (śabdanarūpa) consisting in the extremely firm (draḍhīyastama) reflective awareness (vimarśa) that occurs within an individual knower. In other words, any group of words that can assist a person in coming to some kind of awareness within himself is an Āgama.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramVimarśa (विमर्श) refers to “reflective awareness”, according to the Tantrāloka.—[...] Abhinava explains in the third chapter of his Tantrāloka that the Śāmbhava means, set into operation by the Śāmbhava form of penetration (śāmbhavasamāveśa) consists essentially of the reflective awareness (vimarśa); that is, the creative autonomy (svātantrya) of the pure light of consciousness. This is the experience of the pure ‘I’ consciousness (ahaṃ) that Śiva has of himself. It has fifty aspects that correspond to the energies of the letters that together constitute the all-embracing energy of ‘I’.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationVimarśa (विमर्श) refers to “deliberation”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.36 (“The statements of the seven sages”).—Accordingly, as the mountains said to Himavat (Himācala): “Of what avail is a long discussion and deliberation (vimarśa) now? What should be done is only that. She is born only for the purpose of the gods. Incarnating for the sake of Śiva, she shall be given to Śiva. Śiva has been propitiated by her and Śiva has also spoken to her”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaiva philosophy
Source: archive.org: Chittanubodha Shastram By Bhaskara KanthaVimarśa (विमर्श) refers to “self-reflection”.—The Kashmir Śaiva thinkers believe in pluralism because not all human beings are alike and the different paths and Philosophies are meant for different kinds of people. [...] The central conception of the system is that the Supreme Reality, Śiva, is not only Consciousness (prakāśa, saṃvit, cit, etc.) but also Self-reflection (vimarśa). Unlike the Brahman of Advaita Vedānta which is not conscious of itself and inactive, the Supreme Reality here embraces in itself the static and the dynamic, knowledge and action.
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Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryvimarśa (विमर्श).—m S Consideration or investigation; exercising of judgment or of reason.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryVimarśa (विमर्श).—
1) Thought, deliberation.
2) (In dramas) A change in the successful progress of a dramatic plot, a change in the prosperous course of a love-story caused by some unforeseen reverse or accident, one of the five Sandhis in a drama; it is thus defined in S. D.; यत्र मुख्यफलोपाय उद्भिन्नो गर्भतोऽधिकः । शापाद्यः सान्तरायश्च स विमर्श इति स्मृतः (yatra mukhyaphalopāya udbhinno garbhato'dhikaḥ | śāpādyaḥ sāntarāyaśca sa vimarśa iti smṛtaḥ) || 336; कुर्वन् बुद्ध्या विमर्शं प्रसृतमपि पुनः संहरन् कार्यजातं कर्ता वा नाटकानामिममनुभवति क्लेशमस्मद्विधो वा (kurvan buddhyā vimarśaṃ prasṛtamapi punaḥ saṃharan kāryajātaṃ kartā vā nāṭakānāmimamanubhavati kleśamasmadvidho vā) Mu.4.3.
Derivable forms: vimarśaḥ (विमर्शः).
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Vimarṣa (विमर्ष).—
1) Impatience, nonforbearance.
2) Dissatisfaction, displeasure.
Derivable forms: vimarṣaḥ (विमर्षः).
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Vimarśa (विमर्श).—
1) Deliberation, consideration, examination, discussion; कुर्वन् बुद्ध्या विमर्शम् (kurvan buddhyā vimarśam) Mu.4.3.
2) Reasoning.
3) A conflicting judgment.
4) Hesitation, doubt; कार्यस्य न विमर्शं च गन्तुमर्हसि सुव्रत (kāryasya na vimarśaṃ ca gantumarhasi suvrata) Rām.118.57; 2.34.44.
5) The impression left on the mind by past good or bad actions; see वासना (vāsanā).
6) Knowledge; अविद्वद- धिकारित्वात् प्रायश्चित्तं विमर्शनम् (avidvada- dhikāritvāt prāyaścittaṃ vimarśanam) Bhāg. 6.1.11.
Derivable forms: vimarśaḥ (विमर्शः).
See also (synonyms): vimarśana.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryVimarśa (विमर्श).—m.
(-rśaḥ) 1. Discussion, investigation, reasoning, examination by reason. 2. A conflicting judgment. 3. The impression on the mind of past good or evil actions. E. vi implying discrimination, mṛś to perceive, aff. ghañ .
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Vimarṣa (विमर्ष).—m.
(-rṣaḥ) 1. Irritation, impatience. 2. Displeasure, dissatisfaction. 3. Interruption of the prosperous course of a dramatic story, (one of the five Sandhis in a drama,) reverse. E. vi before mṛṣ to endure, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryVimarśa (विमर्श).— (erroneously also vimarṣa vimarṣa, e. g. [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 21, 25), i. e. vi-mṛś + a, m. 1. Investigation. 2. Reasoning. 3. Discussion, hesitation, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 20, 23.
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Vimarṣa (विमर्ष).—i. e. vi-mṛṣ + a, m. 1. Irritation,
Vimarśa (विमर्श).—[masculine] na [neuter] consideration, examination, dubitation.
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Vimarṣa (विमर्ष).—etc. = vimarśa etc.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Vimarṣa (विमर्ष):—[=vi-marṣa] a vimarṣa, ṣaṇa, ṣin, [wrong reading] for vi-marśa etc.
2) Vimarśa (विमर्श):—[=vi-marśa] [from vi-mṛś] m. consideration, deliberation, trial, critical test, examination, [Pañcaviṃśa-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] reasoning. discussion, [Prabodha-candrodaya]
4) [v.s. ...] knowledge, intelligence, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of Śiva, [Mahābhārata]
6) [v.s. ...] (in [dramatic language]) critical juncture or crisis (one of the 5 Saṃdhis or junctures of the plot, intervening between the garbha or germ and the nirvahana or catastrophe e.g. in the Śakuntalā the removal of her veil in the 5th act), [Bharata-nāṭya-śāstra; Daśarūpa] etc.
7) Vimarṣa (विमर्ष):—[=vi-marṣa] [from vi-mṛṣ] b m. irritation, impatience, displeasure, [Horace H. Wilson]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryVimarṣa (विमर्ष):—[vi-marṣa] (rṣaḥ) 1. m. Catastrophe, displeasure, irritation.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Vimarśa (विमर्श) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Vimarisa, Vimaṃsā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryVimarśa (विमर्श) [Also spelled vimarsh]:—(nm) consultation; consideration, examination; reflection, deliberation.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVimarśa (ವಿಮರ್ಶ):—[noun] = ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ [vimarshe].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Vimarśa (विमर्श):—n. 1. consideration; deliberation; discussion; debate; 2. investigation; study; critique; 3. consultation;
2) Vimarṣa (विमर्ष):—n. 1. thought; deliberation; 2. impatience; non-forbearance; 3. dissatisfaction; displeasure;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Vimarshacchedin, Vimarshadhiroha, Vimarshaka, Vimarshaki, Vimarshana, Vimarshananda, Vimarshanandanatha, Vimarshanaprajne, Vimarshanga, Vimarshasandhi, Vimarshavadin, Vimarshavat.
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Full-text (+61): Nirvimarsha, Durvimarsha, Savimarsha, Avimarsha, Vimarshanga, Savimarsham, Vimarshana, Vimarshavat, Vimarshin, Vimarshavadin, Pratyagvimarsha, Vimarshasandhi, Vrittavimarsha, Vimarsh, Vimarshananda, Vimarccam, Avamarsha, Vimarshita, Galodita, Vidheyavimarsha.
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Search found 58 books and stories containing Vimarsha, Vi-marṣa, Vi-marsa, Vi-marśa, Vi-marsha, Vimarśa, Vimarsa, Vimarṣa; (plurals include: Vimarshas, marṣas, marsas, marśas, marshas, Vimarśas, Vimarsas, Vimarṣas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Introduction to the Cidgaganacandrikā
Verse 133 [Savikalpaka Vimarśa is Samvitkramarūpa] < [Chapter 3 - Third Vimarśa]
Dramaturgy in the Venisamhara (by Debi Prasad Namasudra)
Sandhi (the combination of different phases) < [Chapter 4 - Dramaturgy in Veṇīsaṃhāra]
Description of Samavakāra < [Chapter 2 - Nature and Classification of Sanskrit Drama]
Vimarśa: Reflexivity in Utpala and Abhinavagupta's Philosophy < [Volume 80 (2020)]
The Saurasaṃhitā: The Earliest Surviving Tantra on Sun-Worship < [Volume 80 (2020)]
Editing the Manuscripts of Forgotten Sanskrit Texts < [Volume 80 (2020)]
Mudrarakshasa (literary study) (by Antara Chakravarty)
5. Deliberation of the Pañcasandhi in Mudrārākṣasa < [Chapter 6 - Other Literary Estimates of Mudrārākṣasa]
6.4. The character of Rākṣasa < [Chapter 6 - Other Literary Estimates of Mudrārākṣasa]
Tarkabhasa of Kesava Misra (study) (by Nimisha Sarma)
5. Invalid Knowledge (apramana) < [Chapter 3 - Epistemology in Indian Philosophy]
Gitartha Samgraha (critical Study) (by Partha Sarathi Sil)
3. Tattvas (Principles) of Kashmir Śaivism < [Chapter 3 - A Brief Sketch of Kashmir Śaivism]
Appendix: List of Technical Terms of Kashmir Śaivism
7. Concept of Mokṣa in the Gītārthasaṅgraha < [Chapter 4 - Critical Study of the Gītārthasaṅgraha]
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