Vyoman, Vyoma: 32 definitions
Introduction:
Vyoman means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Vyoma (व्योम), as both mica and ether, is identified with the Goddess’s sexual emission. Mercury (rasa), when it is identified with the soul (jīva), when it transmutes through speech of which the substrate is ether (śabha-vedha), and when it becomes possessed of the power of flight (khecara/khecaratā), is itself associated with ether. In this way, both mercury and mica, the secual emissions of Śiva and the Goddess, located at the summit of the alchemical hierarchy, are likened to the ethereal goose.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Vyoma (व्योम).—A King born in the dynasty of Bharata, the son of Duṣyanta. It is mentioned in Bhāgavata, Skandha 9, that Vyoma was the son of Dāśārha and the father of Jīmūta.
1) Vyoman (व्योमन्) or Vyomarūpa refers to the “form of Ether”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.41.—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu and others eulogized Śiva:—“[...] obeisance to Śiva who is wind in the subtle form of the principal of touch. Obeisance to you, the lord of individual souls, the priest presiding over sacrifice; and Vedhas (the creator). Obeisance to you the terrible in the form of Ether (i.e., vyoma-rūpa) with the principle of sound Obeisance to the great lord Moon, or, one accompanied by Uma; obeisance to the Active”.
2) Vyoman (व्योमन्) refers to the “sky”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.6.—Accordingly, after the Gods eulogised Goddess Śivā who resided in the womb of Menā:—“[...] Vidyādhara women and the celestial nymphs danced in the sky [i.e., vyoman]; in the heavenly region great festivities were celebrated by the gods and others. At that time Śivā, Satī of perfect power formerly appeared in front of Menā in her real form. She was born at midnight when the constellation Mṛgaśiras was in conjunction with the moon on the ninth day in the month of Madhu (March-April) in the spring season like the Gaṅgā from the moon’s sphere. [...]”.
1a) Vyoma (व्योम).—A son of Daśārha, and father of Jīmūta.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 24. 3-4; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 70. 41; Matsya-purāṇa 44. 40; Vāyu-purāṇa 95. 40; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 12. 41.
1b) A son of Maya and follower of Kaṃsa, came to Vraja in the guise of a Gopa, and mixed in a game with Gopas. Removed a good number of them to a cave nearby. Finding the numbers reduced, Kṛṣṇa spotted out the mischievous foe and killed him on the spot.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 37. 28-32.
1c) One of the ten horses of the moon's chariot.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 23. 57.
1d) The intervening space between heaven and earth.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 2. 32.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Vyoman (व्योमन्) refers to the “sky”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The dark spots, also known as ketus, the sons of Rāhu are Tāmasa, Kīlaka and the like, and are 33 in number. How they affect the earth depends upon their color, position and shape. [...] When the spots appear on the solar disc the waters will get disturbed; the sky [i.e., vyoman] will be filled with dust; high winds capable of breaking down the tops of mountains and of trees, will carry pebbles and sand along their course”.
Vyoma (व्योम).—Zero. Note: Vyoma is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Vyoman (व्योमन्) refers to the “void”, according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “Mālinī of the Void (vyoman) abides (both) as one and as many divisions (vibhāga). The End of the Twelve is the Void which (is the abode of Mālinī that, as) the Self, is the nectar (Mālinī showers down below). (Thus Mālinī) resides in the midst of the ocean of nectar and, residing in the movement (cāra) (of the vital breath), she is the one who impels (its) motion (cāravāhinī). 'Movement' is said to be the activity of the vital breath (prāṇagati). Thus she who, residing there, impels (it, is said to be) the one who impels (its) motion (cāravāhinī)”.
Vyoma (व्योम) refers to one of the 72 rays of the Viśuddhi-Cakra which (together with the 64 rays of the Ājñā) are associated with the lunar plane called Brahmagranthi, according to Śaṅkarācārya’s Saudaryalaharī.—Accordingly, the Goddess is visualised (by Sādhaka) as dwelling above the six Ādhāracakras ruling over the 360 rays which emanate in them [e.g., Vyoma]. These 360 rays represent 360 syllables (i.e., a consummation of the śabdaprapañca or 50 alphabets) as well as the principles of nature. For the 360 syllables, together with haṃ and saḥ, Nyāsa should be performed for Śrīcakrapūjā.
Note: Vyoma also refers to one of the 72 rays of the Viśuddhi-Cakra.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Vyoman (व्योमन्) (Cf. Gagana) refers to “ākāśa (tattva)”, according to the Kāmikāgama Pūrvabhāga chapter 4 (“Directions for the Daily Worship of Lord Śiva”) verse 74-76 [alternatively, chapter 6 verses 74-76].—Accordingly, “[...] The pṛthvītattva (earth) [pārthiva] is located in the heart; jalatattva [āpya], in the neck; agnitattva [vāhneya], at the root of uvula; vāyutattva [vāyu], at the mid-point of the two eyebrows; ākāśatattva [vyoman—vyoman-sthāna], in the brahmarandhra. Or, the location of these tattvas may be contemplated in a different way. The pṛthvītattva [pṛthivī] is from the feet to the knee; the jalatattva [āpya] is from the knee to navel; the agnitattva [anala] is from the navel to the neck; the vāyutattva [vāyura] is from the neck to the top of the face. The ākāśatattva [gagana—gagana-sthāna] is located above this. Such locations are told for the purpose of dhāraṇa-practice”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Vyoma (व्योम) represents the number 0 (zero) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 0—vyoma] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Vyoman (व्योमन्) or Vyomatattva refers to the “(elemental power of) ether” and as one of the “five elemental powers”, represents one of the various signs and paranormal powers (siddhi) experienced by the Yoga practicioner, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise (presented in the form of a dialogue between Īśvara and Vāmadeva).—The last fifty-two verses of the Amanaska’s first chapter describe a temporal sequence of psychosomatic signs and paranormal powers (siddhi) brought about by absorption (laya). In the Amanaska, The five elemental powers are, [e.g., ether (vyoman-tattva)], [...].
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Vyoma (व्योम) or Vyomamudrā refers to one of the 81 Mudrās (hand-gestures) described in chapter 2 of the Ṛṣirātra section of the Sanatkumārasaṃhitā: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).—[Cf. the chapter mudrā-lakṣaṇa].
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Vyoma (व्योम) refers to the “(all-pervading) space”, according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] You are the one witness of everything, and are always totally free. The cause of your bondage is that you see the witness as something other than this. [...] Just as a mirror exists everywhere both within and apart from its reflected images, so the Supreme Lord exists everywhere within and apart from this body. Just as one and the same all-pervading space (vyoma) exists within and without a jar [ekaṃ sarvagataṃ vyoma bahirantaryathā ghaṭe], so the eternal, everlasting God exists in the totality of things. [...] ”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Vyoma (व्योम) is associated with Druta which represents one of the five Aṅgas or “limbs” (of a tāla—time-measure), according to the Tālalakṣaṇam, a work ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—The Tālalakṣaṇa begins by mentioning the four types of aṅgas (druta, laghu, guru, pluta) according to the views found in Saṅgītacūḍamaṇi. Āñjaneyamatam also gives the same four aṅgas. Tālakalāvilāsam gives a more detailed account of the aṅgas and gives specific names for each of the five aṅgas. Druta is associated with Ardhamātra, Vyoma, Bindu, Valaya
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Vyoman (व्योमन्) refers to the “spaces (of Vajras)”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly: “Buddhas are inside the spaces (vyoman) of Vajras. [He should visualize] this all-pervasive [stream]. They emerge from the gnosis fire. [He] has a stream of nectar, the self-existing. [He should perform] consecration of the adamantine leader by filling with the innate water (viz., the stream of nectar) Oṃ, for the glory of all Tathāgatas’ consecration, the pledge, hūṃ—[this is] the consecration mantra [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Vyoman.—(IE 7-1-2; EI 33), ‘cypher’. Note: vyoman is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
vyōma (व्योम).—n S The sky or heavens.
vyōma (व्योम).—n The sky or heaven.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vyoman (व्योमन्).—n. [vye-manin pṛṣo° Uṇādi-sūtra 4.15]
1) The sky, atmosphere; अस्त्वेवं जडधामता तु भवतो यद् व्योम्नि विस्फूर्जसे (astvevaṃ jaḍadhāmatā tu bhavato yad vyomni visphūrjase) K. P.1; Meghadūta 53; R.12.67; N.22.54.
2) Waret.
3) A temple sacred to the sun.
4) Talc.
Vyoman (व्योमन्).—n. (-ma) 1. Sky, heaven, atmosphere. 2. Water. 3. A temple, sacred to the sun, or place where he is especially worshipped. 4. Talc. E. vyeñ to cover, Unadi aff. manin, form irr.
Vyoman (व्योमन्).—n. 1. The sky, atmosphere, heaven, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 21; [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 20. 2. Æther, Bhāṣāp. 2. 3. Water. 4. A temple sacred to the sun.
Vyoman (व्योमन्).—[neuter] heaven, sky, air; [instrumental] vyomamārgeṇa & vartmanā through the air.
1) Vyoman (व्योमन्):—[=vy-oman] [from vy] 1. vy-oman mfn. (for 2. See sub voce) one who cannot be saved (?), [Kāṭhaka]
2) 2. vyoman m. (for 1. See p. 1029, col. 1; [according to] to [Uṇādi-sūtra iv, 150] [from] √vye [according to] to others [from] vi-√av or √ve) heaven, sky, atmosphere, air (vyomnā, vyoma-mārgeṇa or -vartmanā, ‘through the air’), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
3) space, [Kapila]
4) ether (as an element), [Kāvya literature; Purāṇa; Suśruta]
5) wind or air (of the body), [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
6) water, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) talc, mica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) a temple sacred to the sun, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) a [particular] high number, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) the 10th [astrology] mansion, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
11) preservation, welfare, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā] (= rakṣaṇa [Scholiast or Commentator])
12) m. a [particular] Ekāha, [???]
13) Name of Prajā-pati or the Year (personified), [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] ([Mahīdhara])
14) of Viṣṇu, [Viṣṇu-smṛti, viṣṇu-sūtra, vaiṣṇava-dharma-śāstra]
15) of a son of Daśārha, [Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa] ([varia lectio] vyoma).
1) Vyoma (व्योम):—[from vyoman] 1. vyoma (for 2. See [column]3), in [compound] for 2. vyoman.
2) [from vyoman] 2. vyoma m. (for 1. See [column]2) Name of a son of Daśārha, [Purāṇa] ([varia lectio] for vyoman).
Vyoman (व्योमन्):—(ma) 5. n. Sky; water; temple sacred to the sun.
Vyoma (व्योम):—m. Nomen proprium eines Sohnes des Daśārha [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 24, 3.] vyoman [Harivaṃśa] [Viṣṇupurāṇa]; vgl. prativyoma .
Vyoman (व्योमन्):—
--- OR ---
Vyoman (व्योमन्):—2. (2. vi + o von av) adj. vielleicht unrettbar: varuṇe vā etaṃ gṛhṇāti yaṃ vyomānaṃ yakṣmo gṛhṇāti [Kāṭhaka-Recension 13, 16.]
Vyoman (व्योमन्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Voma.
Vyoman (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 空 [kōng]: “emptiness”.
Note: vyoman can be alternatively written as: vyomanm.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vyoma (व्योम) [Also spelled vyom]:—(nm) the sky; -[gaṃgā/saritā] the milky way (in the sky); ~[gāmī/cara/cārī/vihārī] sky-faring.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Vyōma (ವ್ಯೋಮ):—
1) [noun] the sky.
2) [noun] the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; atmosphere.
3) [noun] the symbol or number 0; zero.
4) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of two long syllablic instants followed by one short one (—u); anti-bacchius.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vyoma (व्योम):—n. the sky;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Vyomacara, Vyomacarin, Vyomadeva, Vyomadhaman, Vyomadharana, Vyomadhuma, Vyomaga, Vyomagamanividya, Vyomaganga, Vyomakara, Vyomakesha, Vyomakhya, Vyomakoshana, Vyomakranta, Vyomamalini, Vyomamandala, Vyomamanjara, Vyomamarga, Vyomamaya, Vyomamrita.
Full-text (+166): Vyomayana, Vyomakesha, Vyomacara, Vyomacarin, Vyomamandala, Vyomasprish, Vyomasad, Vyomanashika, Vyomasthali, Vyomadhuma, Vyomamanjara, Vyomamudgara, Vyomaga, Vyomamaya, Vyomaganga, Vyomapancaka, Vyomaratna, Prativyoma, Vyomamriga, Vyomapushpa.
Relevant text
Search found 118 books and stories containing Vyoman, Vy-oman, Vyoma, Vyōma; (plurals include: Vyomans, omans, Vyomas, Vyōmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika (by R. Balasubramanian)
Verse 2.114 < [Book 2 - Brahmavallī]
Verse 2.111 < [Book 2 - Brahmavallī]
Verse 3.34 < [Book 3 - Bhṛguvallī]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 338 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 19 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Page 122 < [Hindi-Gujarati-English Volume 3]
Alchemy in India and China (by Vijaya Jayant Deshpande)
3. Case of Mica < [Chapter 6 - Transmission of Alchemical and Chemical ideas (Part 2)]
Nighantu (critical study) (by Gopalakrishna N. Bhat)
Part 3 - Antaraiksanamani (Antariksha Nama) < [Chapter 3 - First Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)]
Part 6 - Dinnamani (Dish Nama) < [Chapter 3 - First Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)]
Indian Astronomy (a source book) (by B. V. Subbarayappa)
Chapter 3 - Cosmogony (vishva-srishti)
Appendix 5 - Bhutasankhya—World numerals
Chapter 20 - Conjunction of Stars and Planets (graha-naksatra-yuti)
Soundarya Lahari of Shri Shankara (Study) (by Seetha N.)
Saundaryalahari as an epitome of Saktism < [Chapter 5 - Shakta-Tantras—Saundaryalahari as an epitome of Shaktism]
The Shakta concept of Nada, Bindu and Kala < [Chapter 5 - Shakta-Tantras—Saundaryalahari as an epitome of Shaktism]
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