Ripu: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Ripu means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaRipu (रिपु).—Grandson of Dhruva. Two sons called Śiṣṭi and Bhavya were born to Dhruva by his wife Śambhū. Śiṣṭi’s wife Succhāyā deliverd five sons, i.e. Ripu, Ripuñjaya, Vipra, Vṛkala and Vṛkatejas. Cākṣuṣa Manu was born as the son of Ripu by his wife Bṛhatī. (Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Part 1, Chapter 13).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Ripu (रिपु).—A son of Yadu.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 20.
1b) Son of Varāngī and Divamjaya; married Bṛhatī; father of Cākṣuṣa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 36. 101; Vāyu-purāṇa 62. 87.
1c) A son of Babhru;1 killed by Yauvanāśva in a battle which lasted for 14 months.2
1d) (also Vairī). Even though insignificant, not to be neglected. It was Bhūta that slew Hiraṇyakaśipu, and a woman Caṇḍikā that killed Niśumbha, Śumbha and Mahiṣa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 21. 43 and 55.
1e) A son of Śiṣṭi(ī) and Succhāyā, wife Bṛhatī; his son Cākṣuṣa.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 4. 39; Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 13. 2.
Ripu (रिपु) refers to one of the five sons of Chāyā and Sṛṣṭi: one of the four sons of Dhruva, according to the Vaṃśa (‘genealogical description’) of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, [...] Uttānapāda’s son was Dhruva who achieved the highest place of worshipping Nārāyaṇa. Dhruva had four sons—Sṛṣṭi, Dhanya, Harya and Śaṃbhu; they all were Vaiṣṇavas. Chāyā gave birth to five sons of Sṛṣṭi; they were Ripu, Ripuṃjaya, Vipra, Vṛṣala and Vṛkatejas. Bṛhatī the wife of Ripu gave birth to Cakṣuṣa.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Ripu (रिपु) refers to a “foe”, and is mentioned in verse 2.27 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “One shall not proclaim somebody (to be) one’s enemy nor oneself (to be) somebody’s foe [viz., Ripu] nor contempt nor (one’s) master’s ungraciousness”.
Note: Śatru (“enemy”) and Ripu (“foe”) have both been rendered by dgra (“enemy”), without regard to the stylistic variation in the original Sanskrit.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: ŚāktismRipu (रिपु, “enemy”) refers to one of the sixty defects of mantras, according to the 11th century Kulārṇava-tantra: an important scripture of the Kaula school of Śāktism traditionally stated to have consisted of 125.000 Sanskrit verses.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Śrī Devī: “For those who do japa without knowing these defects [e.g., ripu—enemy], there is no realization even with millions and billions of japa. [...] Oh My Beloved! there are ten processes for eradicating defects in Mantras as described. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraRipu (रिपु) refers to “enemies”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the lunar eclipse should terminate at the southern point of the disc, the termination is known as dakṣiṇa-kukṣi (right abdomen): the king’s son will suffer and the enemies [i.e., ripu] in the south may then be defeated in wars. If the lunar eclipse should terminate at the northern point of the disc, the termination is techincally known as vāma-kukṣi (left abdomen): pregnant women will miscarry and crops will suffer to some extent”
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)Ripu (रिपु) refers to an “enemy” which is specified as the consequence of a doorway (dvāraphala) at Nāga (one of the peripheral padas of the 9 by 9 deity map), according to the Devyāmata (chapter 105).—Accordingly, [while describing the consequences of a doorway]—“[...] There is loss of wealth at Śoṣa and disease at Pāpayakṣman. Eight deities have been listed, in the house facing west. Those facing north are listed next, in sequence, from the northwest on. At Roga is bondage. At Nāga (Vāsuki) is an enemy (ripu—ripuḥ syān nāgasaṃjñike). [...]
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra TantraRipu (रिपु) refers to “enemies”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 15.4cd-7ab, while describing protection rituals]—“Since all Rakṣasas run away and are killed, then O Devi, I call [white mustard seeds] rakṣoghna. They spread on Earth and in all battles between demons and the chiefs of gods. [Mustard seeds] are employed as killers of villains in order to accomplish the destruction of enemies (ripu-nāśana). Since their purpose is accomplished then they are called white mustard on Earth. They take away pride in evil-minded spirits”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsRipu (रिपु) refers to “enemies”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Those who were born as enemies (ripu) [in a life] previously indeed become your friends whose friendship is fixed in this life on account of the power of fate”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryRipu.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘six’. Note: ripu is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryripu (रिपु).—m (S) An enemy, a foe.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishripu (रिपु).—m An enemy, a foe.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryRipu (रिपु).—[rap un pṛṣo° Uṇādi-sūtra 1.26]
1) An enemy, a foe, an opponent.
2) A hostile planet.
3) Name of the sixth astrological house.
4) Ved. A cheat, rogue.
Derivable forms: ripuḥ (रिपुः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryRipu (रिपु).—m.
(-puḥ) An enemy. E. rap to speak, to abuse, aff. un, and i substituted for the radical vowel.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryRipu (रिपु).—probably lip + u (r for l, or rather the original sound), m. An enemy, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 168.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryRipu (रिपु).—[adjective] deceitful, treacherous; [masculine] impostor, cheat, adversary, enemy, [abstract] tā† [feminine]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ripu (रिपु):—[from rip] mfn. deceitful, treacherous, false, [Ṛg-veda]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a deceiver, cheat, rogue, [ib.]
3) [v.s. ...] an enemy, adversary, foe, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] (in [astrology]) a hostile planet, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of the 6th astrological house, [ib.]
6) [v.s. ...] a gall-nut, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of Ślīṣṭi, [Harivaṃśa]
8) [v.s. ...] of a son of Yadu and Babhru, [Purāṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryRipu (रिपु):—(puḥ) 2. m. An enemy.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryRipu (रिपु):—(nm) an enemy, a foe; ~[ghātī/ghna/damana/sūdana] a destroyer of the enemy; ~[tā] enmity, hostility.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusRipu (ರಿಪು):—
1) [noun] a person who hates another, and wishes or tries to injure him; a foe; an enemy.
2) [noun] (astrol.) the sixth house from the birth-house.
--- OR ---
Rīpu (ರೀಪು):—[noun] = ರಿಪೀಸು [ripisu].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+20): Ripubala, Ripubhava, Ripubhavana, Ripubhaya, Ripucchandas, Ripudarpa, Ripughatin, Ripughatini, Ripughna, Ripuha, Ripuja, Ripujaya, Ripukala, Ripukesari, Ripumalla, Ripumardana, Ripumardanatana, Ripumardin, Ripunashana, Ripuncakacceti.
Ends with (+63): Acalaripu, Agaripu, Agharipu, Ahiripu, Ajataripu, Alaripu, Anamgaripu, Andhakaripu, Anilaripu, Aripu, Arkaripu, Arunaripu, Ashtapadaripu, Ashvaripu, Asuraripu, Bahuripu, Bakaripu, Bhavaripu, Chardikaripu, Chhardikaripu.
Full-text (+157): Mrigaripu, Muraripu, Krimiripu, Chardikaripu, Timiraripu, Madhuripu, Ripunjaya, Andhakaripu, Riputa, Asuraripu, Madanaripu, Kalanemiripu, Krauncaripu, Brihati, Ripusudana, Kacaripuphala, Ripunipatin, Ripughatin, Sambararipu, Shishti.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Ripu, Rīpu; (plurals include: Ripus, Rīpus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.20.14 < [Chapter 20 - The Liberation of Ṛbhu Muni During the Rāsa-dance Festival]
Verse 4.6.10 < [Chapter 6 - The Story of the Ayodhyā Women]
Verse 5.17.20 < [Chapter 17 - The Gopis Describe Their Remembrance of Sri Krsna]
Hari-bhakti-kalpa-latikā (by Sarasvati Thkura)
Text 1 < [Second Stabaka]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.8.7 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 2.1.377 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Verse 2.3.27 < [Part 3 - Involuntary Ecstatic Expressions (sattvika-bhāva)]
Hanuman Nataka (critical study) (by Nurima Yeasmin)
Hanuman-Nāṭaka, Act 5 (Summary) < [Chapter 3]
The Religion and Philosophy of Tevaram (Thevaram) (by M. A. Dorai Rangaswamy)
Nayanar 3: Iyarpagaiar (Iyarpakai) < [Volume 4.1.1 - A comparative study of the Shaivite saints the Thiruthondathogai]