Verse 9.24 - The ten subdivisions of respectful service (vaiyāvṛttya)

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 9.24:

आचार्योपाध्यायतपस्विशैक्ष्यग्लानगणकुलसंघसाधु मनोज्ञानाम् ॥ ९.२४ ॥

ācāryopādhyāyatapasviśaikṣyaglānagaṇakulasaṃghasādhu manojñānām || 9.24 ||

The ten subdivisions of respectful service–vaiyāvṛttya–are: respectful service to the head–ācārya, the preceptor–upādhyāya, the ascetic–tapasvī, the disciple–śaikṣa, the ailing ascetic–glāna, the congregation of aged saints gaṇa, the congregation of disciples of a common teacher kula, the congregation of the four orders of ascetics–saṃgha, the long-standing ascetic–sādhu, and the saint of high reputation–manojña. (24)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [आचार्योपाध्यायतपस्विशैक्ष्यग्लानगणकुलसंघसाधुमनोज्ञानाम्] आचार्य, उपाध्याय, तपस्वी, शैक्ष्य, ग्लान, गण, कुल, संघ, साधु और मनोज्ञ-इन दस प्रकार के मुनियों की सेवा करना सो वैयावृत्त्य तप के दस भेद हैं।

Anvayartha: [acaryopadhyayatapasvishaikshyaglanaganakulasamghasadhumanojnanam] acarya, upadhyaya, tapasvi, shaikshya, glana, gana, kula, samgha, sadhu aura manojna-ina dasa prakara ke muniyom ki seva karana so vaiyavrittya tapa ke dasa bheda haim |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

The subdivisions of respectful service–vaiyāvṛttya–are described next.

Respectful service is of ten kinds, for its objects are of ten kinds–service rendered to the head of the congregation, service rendered to the preceptor, and so on. ‘Ācārya’ is the head from whom the vows are taken and practised. ‘Upādhyāya’ is the preceptor under whom the Scripture is studied in order to attain liberation. ‘Tapasvī’ is the saint who practises long fasts, etc. The disciple saint is called ‘śaikṣa’. ‘Glāna’ is the saint whose body is afflicted on account of illness, etc. ‘Gaṇa’ is the congregation of old ascetics.

‘Kula’ is the congregation of disciples of the same head. ‘Saṃgha’ is the fourfold community of ascetics consisting of:

1. anagāra,
2. yati,
3. ṛṣi, and
4. muni.^[1]

The ordinary ascetic is the anagāra. The yati has the ability to engage in pure-cognition (śuddhopayoga); he reaches the advanced stages (śreṇī) called upaśama and kṣapaka. The muni is the one endowed with special knowledge (jñāna) that may take the form of avadhijñāna, manaḥparyayajñāna and kevalajñāna. The ṛṣi is the one endowed with special accomplishment (ṛddhi). ‘Sādhu’ is the saint of long-standing. ‘Manojña’ is the saint of high reputation. When these are subject to illness, affliction or perverted faith, rendering help to them with bodily activity or other materials is respectful service–vaiyāvṛttya. This is done for attaining equanimity or concentration, for overcoming the feeling of disgust and for proclaiming affection to the members of the order of saints.

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

See Māilladhavala’s ‘Ṇayacakko’, verse 332.