Verse 3.14.1

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.1:

कुत्साप्रशंसातिशयैः समाप्तार्थं तु युज्यते ।
पदं स्वार्थदयः सर्वे यस्मात् कुत्सादिहेतवः ॥ १ ॥

kutsāpraśaṃsātiśayaiḥ samāptārthaṃ tu yujyate |
padaṃ svārthadayaḥ sarve yasmāt kutsādihetavaḥ || 1 ||

1. It is only a word with all its meanings complete that can be associated with suffixes expressive of contempt, praise or degree, because it is one of the meanings svārtha etc. which forms the basis of contempt etc.

Commentary

After a consideration of the meanings expressed by the simple uncompounded word, the author proceeds to consider the meanings expressed by complex formations (vṛtti). They are of five kinds: primary derivatives (kṛdanta), secondary derivatives (taddhitānta), compound words (samāsa), retention of one (ekaśeṣa) and nominal verbs (nāmadhātu). Of these the consideration of secondary derivatives in which the two constituents are in apposition to each other is taken up first.

[Read verse 1 above]

[The observations made in this and the following kārikās relate to the secondary derivative taught in P. 5.3.74. A word, first of all, denotes its svārtha which is either jāti = the universal, or guṇa = a quality, or kriyā = an action, sambandha = a relation, or svarūpa = its own form. Then it denotes the object in which any one of them exists as a viśeṣaṇa. Anything looked upon as a thing, as a viśeṣya is called dravya (idaṃ tad iti pratyavamarśayogyam.) The word which denotes a thing as qualified by one of the above things also expresses gender, number and case-relation, liṅga, vacana and kāraka. It is only when a word expresses these five things that it fully comes into its own. It is only afterwards that the word expresses contempt or praise or degree associated with one of its five meanings and, for that, it takes on the suffix ka. This suffix can come after the word kutsita itself as will be shown. In devadattaka, the jāti expressed by the word devadatta is regarded with contempt. In idam ekakam eva śatam, it is the number one in eka which is regarded with contempt. Thus the suffix ka(n) denotes the idea of contempt as associated with one of the meanings of the word. That is why it is only when the word is complete in meaning that the suffix ka is added in order to express contempt as associated with one of its meanings. See M. Bhā on P. 5.3.74 and the Pradīpa of Kaiyaṭa thereon.]

If ka or kan is added when contempt or sympathy is to be expressed, how to explain the addition of the suffix to stems which themselves express contempt or sympathy, as in the word kutsitaka, anukampitaka?