Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
Text 10.147
यथा,
इयं कृष्णाद् अङ्क-स्रजम् उरुम् उपादाय रुचिरां
वदान्यास्मै राधा रुचिर-मणि-मालाम् इह ददौ ।
निपीयास्याः कृष्णस् त्व् अधर-मधु-दन्त-क्षतम् अदाद्
गृहीत्वाभ्याम् आल्यो दर-तद्-अवलोकं तनुम् अदुः ॥
yathā,
iyaṃ kṛṣṇād aṅka-srajam urum upādāya rucirāṃ
vadānyāsmai rādhā rucira-maṇi-mālām iha dadau |
nipīyāsyāḥ kṛṣṇas tv adhara-madhu-danta-kṣatam adād
gṛhītvābhyām ālyo dara-tad-avalokaṃ tanum aduḥ ||
iyam—She; kṛṣṇāt—from Kṛṣṇa; aṅka-srajam—a garland of marks; urum—great; upādāya—after taking; rucirām—beautiful; vadānyā—She is generous; asmai—to Him; rādhā—Rādhā; rucira—beautiful; maṇi-mālām—a pearl necklace (or a series of bite marks[1]); iha—here; dadau—gave; nipīya—after drinking; asyāḥ—Her; kṛṣṇaḥ—Kṛṣṇa; tu—only; adhara-madhu—the honey of the underlip; danta—with the teeth; kṣatam—wound; adāt—gave; gṛhītvā—after getting; ābhyām—to these two; ālyaḥ—the lady friends; dara—a little; tat-avalokam—the sight of that; tanum—the body; aduḥ—they gave.
Accepting excellent and beautiful nail marks from Kṛṣṇa, generous Rādhā gave Him a ravishing garland of gems (rucira-maṇi-mālā) (or a cute bite mark). Kṛṣṇa, however, drank the nectar of Her nether lip and gave Her bite marks. Catching a glimpse of that, the sakhīs gave their bodies to Them. (Govinda-līlāmṛta 11.139)
atra samena nyūnena ca vinimayaḥ.
In this verse, Rādhā gave something equal to what She took, Kṛṣṇa gave something less than what He took, [and the sakhīs gave something greater than what they took].
Commentary:
This is Mammaṭa’s example:
latānām etāsām udita-kusumānāṃ marud ayaṃ
mataṃ lāsyaṃ dattvā śrayati bhṛśam āmodam asamam |
latās tv adhvanyānām ahaha dṛśam ādāya sahasā
dadaty ādhi-vyādhi-bhrami-rudita-moha-vyatikaram ||“Imparting delightful dancing motions to these flowering creepers, the wind carried away most of their incredible fragrance. The creepers, however, took the travelers’ eyes and immediately gave them mental pain, bodily discomfort, reeling movements, lamentation, and torpor” (Kāvya-prakāśa verse 498).
Creepers symbolize women. Further, Rudraṭa illustrates parivṛtti,
dattvā darśanam ete mat-prāṇā vara-tanu tvayā krītāḥ |
kintv apaharasi mano yad dadāsi raṇa-raṇakam etad asat ||“Slender girl, you gave me a look and took control of my life force. Now, however, you give me sighs of love and steal my mind: That is wrong.” (Kāvyālaṅkāra 7.78)