Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.70

जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर् ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च ।
अद्य वाब्द-शतान्ते वा मृत्युर् वै प्राणिनां ध्रुवः ॥ ७० ॥

jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca |
adya vābda-śatānte vā mṛtyur vai prāṇināṃ dhruvaḥ || 70 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.70 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.70). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Jata, Dhruva, Mrityu, Dhruvam, Janma, Janman, Mrita, Adya, Abda, Shata, Tad, Yushmad, Var, Pranin,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.70). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca
  • jātasya -
  • jāta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    jāta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    jan -> jāta (participle, masculine)
    [genitive single from √jan class 1 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 2 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 3 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 4 verb]
    jan -> jāta (participle, neuter)
    [genitive single from √jan class 1 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 2 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 3 verb], [genitive single from √jan class 4 verb]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • dhruvo* -
  • dhruva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • mṛtyur -
  • mṛtyu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • dhruvam -
  • dhruvam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    dhruva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    dhruva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    dhruvā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • janma -
  • janma (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    janma (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    janman (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • mṛtasya -
  • mṛta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    mṛta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    mṛ -> mṛta (participle, masculine)
    [genitive single from √mṛ class 1 verb], [genitive single from √mṛ class 6 verb]
    mṛ -> mṛta (participle, neuter)
    [genitive single from √mṛ class 1 verb], [genitive single from √mṛ class 6 verb]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • Line 2: “adya vābda-śatānte mṛtyur vai prāṇināṃ dhruvaḥ
  • adya -
  • adya (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    adya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    adya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    va (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    va (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • abda -
  • abda (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    abda (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • śatān -
  • śatā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]
  • vā* -
  • vār (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    vār (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    va (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • mṛtyur -
  • mṛtyu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vai -
  • (verb class 1)
    [present middle first single], [imperative middle first single]
  • prāṇinām -
  • prāṇin (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    prāṇin (noun, neuter)
    [genitive plural]
  • dhruvaḥ -
  • dhruva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.70

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.70 in Gujarati sript:
જાતસ્ય હિ ધ્રુવો મૃત્યુર્ ધ્રુવં જન્મ મૃતસ્ય ચ ।
અદ્ય વાબ્દ-શતાન્તે વા મૃત્યુર્ વૈ પ્રાણિનાં ધ્રુવઃ ॥ ૭૦ ॥

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