Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.79

यत्र राजा तत्र कोशो विना कोशं न राजता ।
सुभटेभ्यस् ततो दद्यात् को हि दातुर् न युध्यते ॥ ७९ ॥

yatra rājā tatra kośo vinā kośaṃ na rājatā |
subhaṭebhyas tato dadyāt ko hi dātur na yudhyate || 79 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.79 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.79). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Yatra, Raja, Rajan, Raj, Tatra, Kosha, Vina, Rajata, Rajat, Subhata, Tatah, Tad, Tata, Kah, Datri, Datu,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.79). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “yatra rājā tatra kośo vinā kośaṃ na rājatā
  • yatra -
  • yatra (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yatra (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yatra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yatra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • rājā -
  • rājā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    rājan (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    rāj (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    rāj (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • tatra -
  • tatra (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tatra (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tatra (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • kośo* -
  • kośa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vinā -
  • vinā (indeclinable postposition)
    [indeclinable postposition]
    vi (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    vi (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    vinā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • kośam -
  • kośa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    kośā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • rājatā -
  • rājatā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    rāj -> rājat (participle, masculine)
    [instrumental single from √rāj class 1 verb]
    rāj -> rājat (participle, neuter)
    [instrumental single from √rāj class 1 verb]
  • Line 2: “subhaṭebhyas tato dadyāt ko hi dātur na yudhyate
  • subhaṭebhyas -
  • subhaṭa (noun, masculine)
    [dative plural], [ablative plural]
  • tato* -
  • tataḥ (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tataḥ (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    tata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    tan -> tata (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √tan class 8 verb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
  • dadyāt -
  • (verb class 3)
    [optative active third single]
  • ko* -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • dātur -
  • dātṛ (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    dātu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    dātu (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • yudhyate -
  • yudh (verb class 1)
    [present passive third single]
    yudh (verb class 4)
    [present middle third single], [present passive third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.79

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.79 in Gujarati sript:
યત્ર રાજા તત્ર કોશો વિના કોશં ન રાજતા ।
સુભટેભ્યસ્ તતો દદ્યાત્ કો હિ દાતુર્ ન યુધ્યતે ॥ ૭૯ ॥

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