Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 2.156

दुर्जन-गम्या नार्यः प्रायेणापात्र-भृद् भवति राजा ।
कृपणानुसारि च धनं देवो गिरि-जलधि-वर्षी च ॥ १५६ ॥

durjana-gamyā nāryaḥ prāyeṇāpātra-bhṛd bhavati rājā |
kṛpaṇānusāri ca dhanaṃ devo giri-jaladhi-varṣī ca || 156 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.156 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.156). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Durjana, Gamya, Nari, Narya, Prayena, Praya, Apatra, Bhrit, Bhavati, Bhavat, Bhavant, Raja, Rajan, Raj, Kripana, Usri, Ari, Arin, Dhana, Deva, Devri, Gir, Varshin,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.156). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “durjana-gamyā nāryaḥ prāyeṇāpātra-bhṛd bhavati rājā
  • durjana -
  • durjana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • gamyā* -
  • gamya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    gamyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    gam -> gamya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √gam], [vocative plural from √gam]
    gam -> gamyā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √gam], [vocative plural from √gam], [accusative plural from √gam]
    gam (verb class 2)
    [optative active second single]
  • nāryaḥ -
  • nārī (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    nārya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    nṝ -> nārya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √nṝ class 9 verb]
  • prāyeṇā -
  • prāyeṇa (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    prāya (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
  • apātra -
  • apātra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • bhṛd -
  • bhṛt (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    bhṛt (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • bhavati -
  • bhavatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhavat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhū (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • rājā -
  • rājā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    rājan (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    rāj (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    rāj (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • Line 2: “kṛpaṇānusāri ca dhanaṃ devo giri-jaladhi-varṣī ca
  • kṛpaṇān -
  • kṛpaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural]
  • usā -
  • usṛ (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • ari -
  • ari (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    ari (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    ari (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    arin (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
    (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • dhanam -
  • dhana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    dhana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • devo* -
  • deva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    devṛ (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • giri -
  • giri (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    giri (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    gir (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
    gir (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    gir (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • jaladhi -
  • jaladhi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • varṣī -
  • varṣin (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.156

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.156 in Gujarati sript:
દુર્જન-ગમ્યા નાર્યઃ પ્રાયેણાપાત્ર-ભૃદ્ ભવતિ રાજા ।
કૃપણાનુસારિ ચ ધનં દેવો ગિરિ-જલધિ-વર્ષી ચ ॥ ૧૫૬ ॥

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