Viparita, Viparīta: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Viparita means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Viprit.
In Hinduism
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: YogaViparīta (विपरीत) is a Sanskrit word referring to “inverted”. It is used in Yoga.
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchViparīta (विपरीत) refers to a particular Yoga practice, according to the Dattātreyayogaśāstra 146-47 (Cf. Haṭhapradīpikā 3.79 and Śivasaṃhitā 3.36 and 5.7).—Accordingly, “The action called Viparīta [by which the body is inverted] destroys all diseases. For one who frequently practises it, their digestive fire increases. [That person] should certainly procure plenty of food, O Sāṅkṛti, [because] if little food [is eaten], the digestive fire burns up [the body]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar1) Viparīta (विपरीत).—In the opposite or reverse way; cf. विपरीताच्चेति वक्तव्यम् । पारावारीणः (viparītācceti vaktavyam | pārāvārīṇaḥ) M.Bh. on P.IV.2.93 Vart. 2;
2) Viparīta.—Change of ऋ (ṛ) into इ (i), seen sometimes in Vedic Literature when that ऋ (ṛ) is preceded or followed by a palatal letter; e.g. श्रृङगे (śrṛṅage) into शिङ्गे (śiṅge) (Ṛk. Saṃh. V-2.9) बिभृयात् (bibhṛyāt) into बिभियात् (bibhiyāt) (Ṛk.Saṃh. x.x.9) विचृत (vicṛta) into विचित्त (vicitta) Ṛg. Veda II.27.16; cf. अनन्तरे तद्विपरीतमाहुस्तालव्ये श्रृङगे बिभृयाद्विचृत्ताः (anantare tadviparītamāhustālavye śrṛṅage bibhṛyādvicṛttāḥ) R.Pr.XIV.17.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsViparīta (विपरीत):—[viparītaṃ] Antagonistic
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramViparīta (विपरीत) refers to “reverse (action)”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Kuṇdalī (the Coiled One) is the pure moonlight (of consciousness). She is reverse (viparīta) action. Then, in a moment, (one experiences) the bliss and upsurge (udbhava) of (the vital) Fire and Wind. Then one attains (the energy of consciousness) which destroys the sins of (all true) yogis and, in the seventh birth, (the Karma) of (all one's previous) births. Even the foolishness (of thoughtless action) is completely eradicated”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira1) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “inappropriate” or “unfavourable”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The dark spots, also known as ketus, the sons of Rāhu are Tāmasa, Kīlaka and the like, and are 33 in number. How they affect the earth depends upon their color, position and shape. [...] The trees will fail to yield in their appropriate seasons [i.e., ṛtu-viparīta]; birds and animals will appear to be burning; there will be an appearance of false fire all round; and lightning and earthquake will afflict mankind”.
2) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “adversity”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 7).—Accordingly, “If Mercury (Budha) should pass through the constellations of Svāti, Bharaṇi, Roniṇi and Kṛttikā, sacred respectively to Vāyu, to Yama, to Pitāmaha and to Agni, his course is technically known as Prākṛta. [...] When Mercury is in his Prākṛta course, there will be increase of health, of rain, of crops and there will be prosperity in the land. If he should be either in his Saṃkṣipta or Miśra course, mankind will be partly happy and partly miserable. When in his remaining four courses, Mercury brings on adversity [i.e., viparīta]”.
3) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “opposite”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 11).—Accordingly, “Generally, if the luminous body or comet be small, clear, glossy, straight, transient, white and visible either immediately after their appearance or some time afterwards, there will be health and happiness in the land. If it be the opposite of these [i.e., ukta-viparīta-rūpa], or of the shape of the rainbow or with two or three tails, mankind will not be happy”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “contrary” (e.g., ‘replying to a wrong statement with the contrary argument’), according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.132.—Accordingly, “And therefore, [to the objection:] ‘the external [object] is established through mere common knowledge,’ [one should answer] that it is rather the contrary (viparīta—pratyuta viparītam etat)”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: University of Vienna: Sudarśana's Worship at the Royal Court According to the AhirbudhnyasaṃhitāViparīta (विपरीत) refers to the “opposite (result)” (i.e. ‘unfavorable things’), according to the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, belonging to the Pāñcarātra tradition which deals with theology, rituals, iconography, narrative mythology and others.—Accordingly, “[...] In his dominion there shall be no devastations such as droughts etc. If the King, in the absence of [such a capable] one, has a different (i.e. ordinary) Guru or Court Officiant [at his side], that Supporter of the Earth shall get the opposite (viparīta) [result] (i.e. unfavorable things), there is no doubt about that”.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation1) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “(speaking) very critically (about someone)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.33 (“The appeasement of Himavat”).—Accordingly, as Himavat (Himācala) said to the Seven Sages: “O ye seven sages of great enlightenment, what you have just now said has been already cherished by me by the will of Śiva. Now, a certain Brahmin professing Vaiṣṇava cult came here and spoke very critically (viparīta) about Śiva. Ever since, the mother Pārvatī has gone out of sense. Hences she does not wish her daughter’s marriage with Śiva”.
2) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to “adverse (results)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.44 (“Menā regains consciousness”).—Accordingly, as Menā said to Nārada: “O sage, formerly it was mentioned be you that Pārvatī would marry Śiva. Afterwards you assigned some activity of worship to Himavat. Its fruit is visible now, to be sure. But it is adverse (viparīta) and meaningless. O sage, O wicked minded one, I the innocent woman have been cheated by you by all means. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Jaina Yoga1) Viparīta (विपरीत) refers to an aspect of mithyātva (false belief) as defined by Amitagati in his 11th century Śrāvakācāra. Accordingly, viparīta refers to the view that what is true is false and vice versa. Mithyātva refers to the direct opposite of samyaktva, and is defined by Hemacandra in his 12th century Yogaśāstra verse 2.17 as belief in false divinities, false gurus, and false scriptures.
2) Viparīta (विपरीत) or Arthāntara refers to “representation of something in a form other than its real form” represents a division of untruth (asatya) according to Amitagati’s classification in his 11th-century Śrāvakācāra verses (6.49-54). Examples: describing a cow as a horse or saying, as do the Buddhists, that the ātman is non-eternal or, as do the Sāṅkhyas, that it is eternal.
Amitagati’s classification of these untruths (e.g., viparīta) is given not only by the Digambaras Amitagati and Amṛtacandra but also in the Yoga-śāstra where the treatment goes back directly to Siddhasena’s commentary on the Tattvārtha-sūtra (verse 7.9) and indeed to the Śvetāmbara Bhāṣya.
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmasViparīta (विपरीत) refers to “contrary attitude” and represents one of the five types of “wrong belief derived from teachings” (grahīta), itself representing one of the two types of mithyādarśana (wrong belief) which is one of the five causes of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 8.1.—What is meant by contrary attitude wrong belief (viparīta)? To think of the nature of soul or other substances exactly opposite of their true nature (e.g. to say that violence is religion) is contrary attitude wrong belief.
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsViparīta (विपरीत) or Viparītatva refers to “contrariety (in the friendliness)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “[com.—Next he speaks about the contrariety (viparītatvam) in the friendliness (hitatve) of friends (bāndhavānāṃ)]—Those who throw you into the whirlpool of life are certainly not [your] friends. Having shown [you] what is beneficial, yogis will form a kinship with you”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryviparīta : (adj.) reversed; changed; wrong. || viparītā (f.) contradistinction.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryViparīta, (adj.) (pp. of vi+pari+i) reversed, changed; equivocal; wrong, upset A. III, 114 (°dassana); IV, 226 (id.); V, 284; Th. 2, 393; J. I, 334; Kvu 307; Miln. 285, 324; Nett 85 (°gāha), 126 (°saññā); PvA. 244.—aviparīta unequivocal, certain, distinct, definite A. V, 268 (°dassana); Miln. 214 (°vacana); PvA. 231 (=sacca & yāthāva). (Page 627)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryviparīta (विपरीत).—a (S) Opposite, contrary, reverse. 2 Adverse, hostile, not favorable or propitious.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishviparīta (विपरीत).—a Opposite, contrary. Hostile, adverse.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryViparīta (विपरीत).—a.
1) Reversed, inverted.
2) Contrary, opposite, reverse, inverse; राज्येन किं तद्विपरीतवृत्तेः (rājyena kiṃ tadviparītavṛtteḥ) R.2.53.
3) Wrong, contrary to rule.
4) False, untrue; विपरी- तार्थविदो हि योषितः (viparī- tārthavido hi yoṣitaḥ) Bv.2.177.
5) Unfavourable, adverse.
6) Cross, acting in an opposite manner; विपरीतश्च वृद्धश्च विषयैश्च प्रधर्षितः (viparītaśca vṛddhaśca viṣayaiśca pradharṣitaḥ) Rām.2.21.3.
7) Disagreeable, inauspicious.
-taḥ A particular mode of sexual enjoyment.
-tā 1 An unchaste or faithless wife.
2) A perverse woman.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryViparīta (विपरीत).—mfn.
(-taḥ-tā-taṃ) 1. Reverse, inverse, opposite, contrary. 2. Wrong, incorrect. 3. Crossed. 4. Disagreeable, inauspicious. f.
(-tā) A lewd woman, a dishonest wife. m.
(-taḥ) A particular mode of coitus. E. vi and pari implying contrariety or adverse, before ita gone.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryViparīta (विपरीत).—[adjective] inverted, opposite, different, wrong, bad.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Viparīta (विपरीत):—[=vi-parīta] [from vi-parī] mfn. turned round, reversed, inverted, [Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Nirukta, by Yāska] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] being the reverse of anything, acting in a contrary manner, opposite, contrary to ([ablative]), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] going asunder or in different directions, various, different, [Kaṭha-upaniṣad]
4) [v.s. ...] perverse, wrong, contrary to rule, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] adverse, inauspicious, unfavourable, [ib.]
6) [v.s. ...] false, untrue, [Bhāminī-vilāsa]
7) Viparītā (विपरीता):—[=vi-parītā] [from vi-parīta > vi-parī] f. a perverse or unchaste woman, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] Name of two metres, [Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryViparīta (विपरीत):—[vi-parīta] (taḥ-tā-taṃ) a. Reverse, contrary, opposite. f. A lewd woman.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Viparīta (विपरीत) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vivarīa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryViparīta (विपरीत) [Also spelled viprit]:—(a) opposite/opposed; contrary, reverse; ~[gati] (going in) the opposite direction; ~[tā/tva] contrariety; antithesis; ~[buddhi/mati] mentally aberrant, wayward; —[rati] a typical copulative posture where the woman assumes an active role; —[lakṣaṇā] antiphrasis.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusViparīta (ವಿಪರೀತ):—
1) [adjective] turned from the right, correct path, way or course.
2) [adjective] contrary to or at variance with, nature; not natural or normal; abnormal; anamolous.
3) [adjective] inverted; reversed in order or relation.
4) [adjective] being too much or too great; immoderate; inordinate.
5) [adjective] quite unusual or uncommon; extraordinary; strange.
--- OR ---
Viparīta (ವಿಪರೀತ):—
1) [noun] the condition or quality of being contrary; contrariety.
2) [noun] something inverted; reversal; inversion.
3) [noun] an adversary; an opponent.
4) [noun] the quality or fact of being immoderate; immoderation; excess.
5) [noun] the quality of being extraordinary, exceptional; extraordinariness; exceptionality.
6) [noun] unnaturalness; a rare phenomenon; abnormalism.
7) [noun] an error; a mistake; a blunder.
8) [noun] that which is not true; falsehood.
9) [noun] a contradictory behaviour.
10) [noun] (rhet.) a figure of speech in which an unreal or unreasonable quality or characteristic is used to compare with.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+35): Viparita Karani, Viparita-linga-akarshayama-naritattva, Viparitabhavana, Viparitabodha, Viparitabuddhi, Viparitacarita, Viparitacetas, Viparitachetas, Viparitacitta, Viparitadandasana, Viparitadi, Viparitagati, Viparitagrahanaprakarana, Viparitagrahaprakarana, Viparitajnanaca Kombha, Viparitaka, Viparitakala, Viparitakalpana, Viparitakalpane, Viparitakara.
Ends with: Aviparita, Kalaviparita, Mahaviparita, Prativiparita, Rituviparita, Samayaviparita, Tadviparita, Trayiviparita.
Full-text (+79): Viparitakarin, Viparitata, Viparitagati, Viparitavat, Viparitakara, Kalman, Viparitamati, Viparitacetas, Vaiparitya, Viparitarata, Viparitalakshana, Viparitabuddhi, Viparitagrahaprakarana, Viparitatva, Viparitabodha, Viparitapathya, Viparitakrida, Viparitapratyangira, Viparitavritti, Viparitamallataila.
Relevant text
Search found 49 books and stories containing Viparita, Vi-parita, Vi-parīta, Vi-parītā, Vipareeta, Viparīta, Viparītā; (plurals include: Viparitas, paritas, parītas, parītās, Vipareetas, Viparītas, Viparītās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Shrimad Bhagavad-gita (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 18.15 < [Chapter 18 - Mokṣa-yoga (the Yoga of Liberation)]
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 9.31 - The second kind of sorrowful meditation < [Chapter 9 - Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas]
Verse 6.26 - Influx of Karmas leading to low-status (ucca-gotra) < [Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas]
Verse 6.23 - The nature of Auspicious Physique-making Karmas < [Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Daṇḍa-vyūha (Staff array) < [Chapter 6 - Principles of Warfare]
Ṣāḍguṇya according to Manu < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (Ṣāḍguṇya)]
Sandhi (treaty) (Introduction) < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (Ṣāḍguṇya)]
Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary (by Nandalal Sinha)
Sūtra 7.1.10 (The Atomic Is The Opposite Of...) < [Chapter 1 - Of Colour, Taste, Smell, and Touch, and Magnitude]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.3.16 < [Chapter 3 - Akrūra’s Arrival]
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
Medical ethics [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 8 - Ethics]
Dialectical terms (6): Example: (dṛṣṭānta) < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]
Universal (sāmānya) and Particularity (viśeṣa) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]