Kopa, Kopā: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Kopa means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Kop.
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Kopā (कोपा, “Anger”):—Fifth of the eight Mātṛs born from the body of Vahni, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra. These eight sub-manifestations (mātṛ), including Kopā, symbolize mental dispositions or emotions and are considered as obstructing the attainment of liberating knowledge. They are presided over by the Bhairava Unmatta. Vahni is the fourth of the Eight Mahāmātṛs, residing within the Mātṛcakra (third of the five cakras) and represents fire.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Kopa (कोप) refers to “Śiva’s fury”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.19. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] O sage, then I was stunned into silence. I was surprised. I became suspicious. I covered up the semen drops lest anyone should see them. But the lord Śiva saw it by His divine vision. The trickling down of the semen excited His fury (kopa) and He said [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Kopa (कोप) refers to “fury (of war)”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the eclipses should occur before the calculated times, there will be miscarriage of pregnancy and wars in the land [i.e., śastra-kopa]; if they should occur after the calculated times, flowers and fruits will perish and there will be fear in the land and crops. I have described, as above, the effects of the occurrence of eclipses either before or after the calculated times in accordance with the ancient śāstras; but the calculation of a really learned Astronomer will at no time fail”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Kopa (कोप) refers to “being angry (with one’s teacher)”, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “(The disciple) should behave well for a period of eight, five or three years. Otherwise initiation should not be given to him (as) he (would not achieve) success in the Kula teachings. [...] The evil soul who gets angry with (his) teacher or talks back (disrespectfully) is certainly destroyed as is rotten food. The disciple must never be angry (kopa) with his teacher whether in speech, mind or with the actions of (his) body. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Kopa (कोप) refers to an “angry (elephant)”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 5, “on marks of the stages of life”]: “6. With wood-like (hardening) skin, thin (nearly closed) sutures (in the skull), thin hair (on the head), fond of mud, water, and dust; he shows a very little sexual excitement, becomes angry (kopa), is sensitive to pleasure and pain and to guidance with the foot, and also understands words (of command) and other (directions, sc., with goad or stick), and so (begins to be) controllable by a driver, and is superficially sensitive (to very slight stimuli); the nape of the neck, avagraha, and tusks become prominent: this is a kalabha, who has reached the fifth year”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Kopa (कोप) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Kopa] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Kopa (कोप) refers to “rage”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Those who are former friends (i.e. friends in a former life) are seen in life here endowed with enmity, having eyes filled with anger [com.—kopa-raktanetra—‘having eyes reddened with rage’] [and] prepared to kill”.
Synonyms: Krodha.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Kopa in Papua New Guinea is the name of a plant defined with Psidium guajava in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Syzygium ellipticum K. Schum. & Lauterb. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Enum. (1906)
· Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzenge schichte und Pflanzengeographie (1894)
· Numer. List (3587)
· Flora Analítica e Fitogeográfica do Estado de São Paulo (1970)
· Flore pittoresque et médicale des Antilles. (1821)
· Flora Ilustrada Catarinense (1977)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Kopa, for example side effects, health benefits, diet and recipes, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
kopa : (m.) anger; ill-temper.
Kopa, (fr. kup) ill-temper, anger, grudge Vin. II, 184=Sn. 6; Dhs. 1060; with appaccaya (mistrust) M. I, 27; almost exclusively in phrase kopañ ca dosañ ca appaccayañ ca pātukaroti (pātvakāsi) “he shows forth ill-temper, malice and mistrust” (of a “codita” bhikkhu) D. III, 159; S. IV, 305; M. I, 96 sq. , 250, 442; A. I, 124, 187; II, 203; III, 181 sq.; IV, 168, 193; J. I, 301; Sn. p. 92. ‹-› akopa (adj.) friendly, without hatred, composed Sn. 499.
[Pali to Burmese]
kopa—
(Burmese text): (၁) အမျက်ထွက်ခြင်းသဘော၊ စိတ်ဆိုးခြင်းသဘော (ဒေါသ)။ (၂) (စိတ်ကို) နောက်ကျု-ချောက်ချား-စေတတ်သောသဘော၊ ဖျက်ဆီးတတ်သော သဘော။ (၃) ပျက်စီးခြင်း။ (၄) ချောက်ချားခြင်း။
(Auto-Translation): (1) The concept of envy and anger. (2) The nature that can cause hesitation and destructive tendencies. (3) Destruction. (4) Hesitation.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
kōpa (कोप).—m (S) Anger. kōpāsa caḍhaṇēṃ To get angry.
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kōpa (कोप).—m n A rotten, corroded, worm-eaten spot (on wood, stone, in fruit); a dawk, a flaw, or blemish gen.
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kōpa (कोप).—f (Or kōpī) An erection in a field of leafy branches &c.)
kōpa (कोप).—m Anger. kōpaṇēṃ v i Be angry.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Kopa (कोप).—[kup-bhāve ghañ]
1) Anger, wrath, passion; कोपं न गच्छति नितान्तबलोऽपि नागः (kopaṃ na gacchati nitāntabalo'pi nāgaḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.123; न त्वया कोपः कार्यः (na tvayā kopaḥ kāryaḥ) do not be angry.
2) (In medicine) Morbid irritation or disorder of the humours of the body; i. e. पित्तकोप, वातकोप (pittakopa, vātakopa). &c.
Derivable forms: kopaḥ (कोपः).
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Kopa (कोप).—and other derived words see under कुप् (kup).
Kopa (कोप).—m.
(-paḥ) 1. Wrath, rage. 2. Morbid irritation or disorder of the humours of the body. E. kup to be angry, affix ghañ.
Kopa (कोप).—i. e. kup + a, m. 1. Morbose excitement, [Suśruta] 1, 5, 8. 2. Wrath, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 139. kopaṃ kṛ, To be angry, [Pañcatantra] 162, 25.
Kopa (कोप).—[masculine] irritation, passion, wrath, anger ([with] [locative], [genetive], prati, or upari).
1) Kopa (कोप):—m. (√kup) morbid irritation or disorder of the humors of the body, [Suśruta]
2) fury (of fire, arms, war, etc.), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhajjātaka]
3) passion, wrath, anger, rage (with [locative case] [genitive case], prati, or upari, or ifc.), [Manu-smṛti iii, 230 & viii, 280; Mahābhārata] etc. (rarely [plural] [Hitopadeśa]; ifc. f(ā). , [Mālavikāgnimitra]; sa-kopa, ‘enraged’ [Pañcatantra]; sa-kopam, ‘angrily’ [Pañcatantra; Hitopadeśa])
4) the state of being in contradiction with, incompatibleness with, [Bādarāyaṇa’s Brahma-sūtra ii, 1, 26.]
Kopa (कोप):—(paḥ) 1. m. Wrath, rage.
[Sanskrit to German]
Kopa (कोप) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kova.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Kopa (कोप) [Also spelled kop]:—(nm) fury, anger, wrath; -[pātra/bhājana] target of anger, victim of wrath.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Kōpa (ಕೋಪ):—
1) [noun] extreme or passionate displeasure resulting from injury, mistreatment, opposition, etc., and usu. showing itself in a desire to fight back at the supposed cause of this feeling; anger; wrath; rage.
2) [noun] ಕೋಪಗೊಳ್ [kopagol] kōpagoḷ= ಕೋಪಮಾಡಿಕೊ [kopamadiko]; ಕೋಪಮಾಡಿಕೊ [kopamadiko] kōpa māḍiko to become angry; to lose one’s temper; ಕೋಪದ ಕೈಗೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿಯನ್ನು ಕೊಡಬೇಡ [kopada kaige buddhiyannu kodabeda] kōpada kaige buddhiyannu koḍabēḍa (saying) wrath makes one blind.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
1) Kopa (कोप):—n. anger; wrath; rage; fury;
2) Kopa (कोप):—n. stone of the jack-fruit;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+16): Kopa-bhajana, Kopacchada, Kopacchinna, Kopaccuram, Kopacitta, Kopadipta, Kopagara, Kopagni, Kopagriha, Kopahina, Kopajanman, Kopajata, Kopajvalita, Kopakarana, Kopakkaran, Kopakopi, Kopakrama, Kopakula, Kopakulita, Kopalata.
Full-text (+329): Prakopa, Kridakopa, Antahkopa, Pakopa, Kopavega, Sakopa, Kopakopi, Kopakula, Parikopa, Kopakrama, Akopa, Mithyakopa, Pranayakopa, Patikkopa, Pakshmakopa, Kopakarana, Pratikopa, Kopadipta, Oshthakopa, Kopajvalita.
Relevant text
Search found 73 books and stories containing Kopa, Kopā, Kōpa, Kupa-na, Kupa-ṇa; (plurals include: Kopas, Kopās, Kōpas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 3.2.1 < [Chapter 2 - The Great Festival of Śrī Girirāja]
Verse 1.10.11 < [Chapter 10 - Description of the Birth of Lord Balarāma]
Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study) (by V. Dwaritha)
Part 11 - Other varieties of Khaṇḍitā < [Chapter 6 - Khaṇḍitā]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.5.26 < [Part 5 - Anger (raudra-rasa)]
Verse 4.5.27 < [Part 5 - Anger (raudra-rasa)]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 666 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 1]
Page 97 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 850 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Saṃśraya (seeking protection) < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (Ṣāḍguṇya)]
Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata and Purāṇas in the Śiśupālavadha < [Introduction]
Knowledge of Āyūrveda in the Śiśupālavadha < [Introduction]
Discovery of Sanskrit Treasures (seven volumes) (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
8. Sanskrit Synonyms (Study) < [Volume 1 - Grammer and Linguistics]