Killing, Killed: 5 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Yoga
2. Natyashastra
In Buddhism
1. Tibetan Buddhism
India history
See also
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Introduction:

Killing means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

The Killing (of adversaries) is known in the Sanskrit language as Māraṇa, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] By astonishing, [magical] feats such as [creating] enmity [among friends], driving off and killing (māraṇa) [adversaries] and by [tantric] mantras [of all kinds], [deluded] multiplicity multiplies. By all [yogic] practices, the various Bandhas and Mudrās, nothing but union with ignorance [is achieved]. Meditation on points in the body, the channels [of vitality] and the six Cakras is an error of mind. Therefore, having abandoned all that, [because it has been] constructed by the mind, resort to the no-mind [state]. [...]”.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Shodhganga: Literary estimate of mudraraksasa

Killing is denoted by the Sanskrit term Vadha, and should be avoided on a stage (where a dramatic play is performed).—A Nāṭaka should contain pañcasandhis which indicate five successive stages of the drama. This criterion also is present in the Mudrārākṣasa. [...] In the Sāhityadarpaṇa, Viśvanātha gives a list of certain actions which should not be presented on the stage. These are [e.g., Vadha (killing)] [...].

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems

1) Killing (a human being) in Tibetan refers to the “Four Basic Transgressions”.—Accordingly, [while discussing the Vinaya lineage in China]—While there is an account of ten nuns coming to China from India, including the Sinhalese nun Devasarā (fifth century) and others, we do not know whether there was a transmission of nun’s vows descending from them. It is said that from the Four Basic Transgressions [e.g., killing a human being] down to the seven Dharmas for resolving disputes, the Chinese Vinaya is not different from that of Tibet; the difference is in the matter of various religious practices, which may conform to the customs of the country or be taken from other sects.

2) (Abstention for twenty-four hours from) Killing refers to one of the “The Eight-limbed Rule” (in Tibetan: yan lag brgyad pa'i khrims).—Accordingly [while describing the history of the Nyingma philosophical system and the age of Padmasambhava]—[...] Trisong Detsen invited the great pandit Śāntarakṣita to Tibet. The preceptor taught the ten virtues and the dharmas of the eighteen sense fields, and instituted the Eight-limbed Rule [e.g., abstention for twenty-four hours from killing]. The powerful local gods did not like this, so the god Nyenchen Thanglha struck Red Mountain with lightning, [...].

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

India history and geography

Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

Killing (of a tiger) (with bull horns) represents a scene of animal life commonly depicted on the Saṃsāracakra paintings, in ancient India, as mentioned in the Kathās (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā (a Prakrit Campū, similar to Kāvya poetry).—Page 185.21 f.: Here follows a description of a printed scroll illustrating the Jaina conception of saṃsāracakra. [...] The saṃsāra-cakra illustrated the three worlds of hell, human world and the world of gods. [For example:] Fight between a tiger and a wild bull, and killing of a tiger with bull horns.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Relevant text

Search found 515 books and stories containing Killing, Killed, The killing; (plurals include: Killings, Killeds, The killings). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Buddhism and Cattle Sacrifice < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]

Vedic Sacrifices and Cattle Wealth < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]

Material Growth and the ruling class < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]

+ 4 more chapters / show preview

A Leaf From Our Cultural Heritage < [April – June, 1998]

Gandhi and I < [October – December, 1983]

Malgonkar’s Meditation on History: “The Devil’s Wind” < [July – September, 1986]

+ 523 more chapters / show preview

Part 19: Future of Gośāla < [Chapter VIII - Initiation of ṛṣabhadatta and devānandā]

Part 7: Story of Nārada < [Chapter II - Rāvaṇa’s expedition of Conquest]

Part 3: War between the Rākṣasas and Vānaras < [Chapter VII - The killing of Rāvaṇa]

+ 144 more chapters / show preview