Kimkara, Kiṃkara, Kiṅkara, Kiṅkarā, Kinkara, Kinkara, Kim-kara: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Kimkara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—A Rākṣasa. Śakti, the son of Vasiṣṭha and King Kalmāṣapāda of the solar dynasty once quarrelled with each other, and the King cursed and turned Śakti into a Rākṣasa. At this juncture Viśvāmitra invoked Kiṅkara, a Rākṣasa attendant of his, into the body of Kalmāṣapāda, and induced by Kiṅkara, Kalmāṣapāda killed all the sons of Vasiṣṭha. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 175).
2) Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—Name of Kāla’s stick. It is with this stick that Kāla kills living beings. "Like Kāla who holds the stick Kiṅkara." (Karṇa Parva, Chapter 56, Verse 122).
3) Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—A race of Rākṣasas. After building the palace at Indraprastha for the Pāṇḍavas Mayāsura put 8000 Kiṅkaras for guarding the palace (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 3). These guards were able to remove the palace from one place to another. Yudhiṣṭhira, who started for the north to collect money is said to have met the Kiṅkaras on the Himālayas. (Aśvamedhika Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 6).
Kiṃkara (किंकर) refers to an “attendant”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.28 (“Description of the fraudulent words of the Brahmacārin”).—Accordingly, as Pārvatī said to her maid: “This base Brahmin must be prevented strenuously. He is inclined to say something again. He will surely censure Śiva. Not only does he who disparages Śiva incur sin but also he who hears the same. A person who disparages Śiva is definitely worthy of being killed by Śiva’s attendants (kiṃkara). If it is a brahmin he must be dismissed or the hearer shall go away from that place immediately. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism
Kiṃkara (किंकर, “servant”) refers to one of the sixty defects of mantras, according to the 11th century Kulārṇava-tantra: an important scripture of the Kaula school of Śāktism traditionally stated to have consisted of 125.000 Sanskrit verses.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Śrī Devī: “For those who do japa without knowing these defects [e.g., kiṃkara—servant], there is no realization even with millions and billions of japa. [...] Oh My Beloved! there are ten processes for eradicating defects in Mantras as described. [...]”.
Kiṃkara (किंकर) refers to “servants”, according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, while describing Trikhaṇḍā: “[...] The goddess is enveloped in divine clothes and is adorned with many kinds of flowers. She is the Great Light and, shining intensely, she is in the middle of the Wheel of Mothers each of whom has four arms, three eyes and a topknot. Each holds a sword, club, skull and makes a boon bestowing gesture. They have many ornaments. Their form is divine and beautiful. They shine and, possessing many forms, they are beautiful. Each is seated on her own vehicle in the lotus posture. The enemy lies at their feet and, controlled by a spell, is consumed along with (offerings of) meat and the like by (their) servants [i.e., Kiṃkara], Vetālas, Ḍākinīs, and ghosts. Very fierce, they strike (the enemy and) drink streams of (his) blood. [...]”.
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर) or Kiṅkaratantra refers to one of the twenty-three Vāmatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Kiṅkara-tantra belonging to the Vāma class.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Kiṃkara (किंकर) refers to a “worshipper”, according to the Rājatarala, an 18th-century text dealing with Yoga.—The Rājatarala is a lengthy commentary on the Yogatārāvalī (circa 14th c.) that was composed by Rāmasvāmipaṇḍita, who is described as a worshipper of Śaṅkarācārya’s feet (śrī-śaṃkarācārya-pāda-kiṃkara).
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Shaivism
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर) refers to the “servants”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 10.39-45]—“Now I shall explain the protection of the king [with the mantra]. [The Mantrin] should write the name [of the king] enveloped in the middle of the mantra. Above this, he should worship Bhairava, Deva and Amṛteśa, O Beautiful. The Devīs and Dūtis are joined with him at the end [of the mantra] on the petals. Thus, the servants (kiṅkara) [become] bound to the root Mantra. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
1) Kiṃkara (किंकर) is the name of a Tathāgata (Buddha) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Kiṃkara).
2) Kiṅkarā (किङ्करा) refers to a group of deities summoned by the Yamāntaka-mantra and mentioned as attending the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Kiṅkarā).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Kiṃkara (किंकर) refers to the “servants” (of Yama), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Rudra, elephants of the quarters, gods, demons, aerial spirits, aquatic predators, the planets, the Vyantaras , the guardians of the quarters of the sky, the enemies [of Vāsudeva], Hari, Bala, the chief of the snakes, the lord of the discus (i.e. Viṣṇu) and others who are powerful, the wind, the sun, etc. all themselves having come together are not able to protect an embodied soul even for an instant [when death is] initiated by the servants of Yama (yama-kiṃkara)”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Kinkara [किंकर] in the Marathi language is the name of a plant identified with Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. from the Mimosaceae (Touch-me-not) family having the following synonyms: Acacia acicularis, Acacia farnesiana, Mimosa farnesiana. For the possible medicinal usage of kinkara, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
kiṅkara or kiṃkara: (m.) a servant; an attendant.
1) kiṅkara (ကိင်္ကရ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[kiṃ+kara+a．kiñci karotīti kiṅkaro,]]ahamajja kiṃ karissāmī]]ti bhattu kattabbakiccayācanattā vā kiṅkaro．,ṭī．514．]
[ကိံ+ကရ+အ။ ကိဉ္စိ ကရောတီတိ ကိင်္ကရော၊ ＂အဟမဇ္ဇ ကိံ ကရိဿာမီ＂တိ ဘတ္တု ကတ္တဗ္ဗကိစ္စယာစနတ္တာ ဝါ ကိင်္ကရော။ ဓာန်၊ ဋီ။ ၅၁၄။]
2) kiṅkāra (ကိင်္ကာရ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[kiṃ+kara+ṇa]
[ကိံ+ကရ+ဏ]
3) kiṅkāra (ကိင်္ကာရ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[kiṃ+kāra]
[ကိံ+ကာရ]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) kiṅkara—
(Burmese text): ကျွန်။
(Auto-Translation): I.
2) kiṅkāra—
(Burmese text): အဘယ်အမှုကို ပြုရအံ့နည်း။ ကိံ ကာရပဋိဿာဝီ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): What should be done? Look at the knowledge of the universe.
3) kiṅkāra—
(Burmese text): အဘယ်အမှုကို ပြုရအံ့နည်း။ အောက်ပုဒ်-ကြည့်။ ကိံ ကာရလည်းကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): What should be done? Look below - observe. Also consider observing carefully.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—f A tree; called also dēvabābhaḷa, a variety of Acacia.
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kiṅkara (किंकर).—m (S) A servant.
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kiṅkara (किंकर).—f. Add:--The tree is named Acacia farnesiana.
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—f A tree; called also dēvabābhaḷa. m A servant.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Kiṃkara (किंकर).—a servant, slave; अवेहि मां किंकरमष्टमूर्तेः (avehi māṃ kiṃkaramaṣṭamūrteḥ) R.2.35.
-rā a female servant.
-rī the wife of a servant.
Derivable forms: kiṃkaraḥ (किंकरः).
Kiṃkara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kim and kara (कर).
Kiṃkara (किंकर).—[, (probably corruption) for kaṃkara, q.v.: Gaṇḍavyūha 133.1.]
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Kiṃkara (किंकर).—name of a yakṣa: Mahā-Māyūrī 90.
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā or -rī-raṃ) A servant. E. kiṃ what or something, and kara who does.
Kiṃkara (किंकर).—i. e. kim-kṛ + a, I. m. and f. rī, A servant, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 18, 13; Mahābhārata 4, 634. Ii. m. 1. A tribe of demons, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 3, 30. 2. The name of a people, [Rāmāyaṇa] 4, 44, 13.
Kiṃkara (किंकर).—[masculine] ī [feminine] servant or slave.
1) Kiṃkara (किंकर):—[=kiṃ-kara] a etc. See kim.
2) [=kiṃ-kara] [from kiṃ > kim] b m. ([Pāṇini 3-2, 21]) a servant, slave, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] (probably) a particular part of a carriage, [Atharva-veda viii, 8, 22]
4) [v.s. ...] a kind of Rākṣasa, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of one of Śiva’s attendants, [Kathāsaritsāgara cxviii, 5]
6) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] Name of a people, [Rāmāyaṇa iv, 44, 13]
7) Kiṃkarā (किंकरा):—[=kiṃ-karā] [from kiṃ-kara > kiṃ > kim] f. a female servant, [Pāṇini 3-2, 21], [vArttika]
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर):—[kiṅka-ra] (raḥ-rā-rī) 1. m. f. 3. f. A servant.
Kiṃkara (किंकर):—(kim + 1. kara) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 2, 21.] m.
1) Diener, Sclave [Amarakoṣa 2, 10, 17.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 360.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 18, 13. 29, 24. 2, 23, 41. 4, 40, 4. 6, 83, 13.] [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 35.] [Geschichte des Vidūṣaka 208.] yama [Pañcatantra 104, 15. 247, 8.] yamaḥ sakiṃkaraḥ [Sāvitryupākhyāna 6, 38.] smarakiṃkara [Amaruśataka 100.] f. ī [Mahābhārata 4, 634.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 6, 6.] Nach einem Vārtt. und nach [Siddhāntakaumudī] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher.3,2,21] ist kiṃkarā Dienerin, kiṃkarī die Frau eines Dieners. kiṃkaratva n. das Verhältniss eines Dieners, eines Sclaven [Pañcatantra IV, 8.] —
2) wohl ein best. Theil des Wagens [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 8, 8, 22.] —
3) eine Art Rākṣasa [Mahābhārata 1, 6716. 2, 86. 1710.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 3, 30. 5, 38, 22. 42. 51. 56, 118.] kiṃkarāṇāṃ tataḥ paścāccakāra balimuttamam . yakṣendrāya kuverāya maṇibhadrāya caiva hi .. [Mahābhārata 14, 1918.] —
4) Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 44, 13.] — Vgl. kaiṃkarāyaṇa .
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Kiṃkara (किंकर):—
1) f. ī Dienerin [Kathāsaritsāgara 105, 77.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 16, 53.] kiṃkarapāṇi mit den Händen den Diener machend, dienstbereite Hände habend, selbst Hand anzulegen bereit [Mahābhārata 3, 303.] Die den Diener kennzeichnende Frage kiṃ karavāṇi was soll ich thun? war die Veranlassung seines Namens. —
3) Nomen proprium eines Wesens im Gefolge Śiva’s [Kathāsaritsāgara 118, 5.]
Kiṃkara (किंकर):——
1) m. — a) Diener , Sclave. Nom.abstr. tva n. — b) wohl ein best. Theil des Wagens. — c) ein Art Rākṣasa. — d) Nomen proprium — α) Pl. eines Volkes. — β) eines Wesens im Gefolge Śiva's. —
2) *f. ā Dienerin. —
3) f. ī — a) Dienerin , Sclavin. — b) *die Frau eines Dieners.
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kiṃkara.
Kiṃkara (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 矜羯羅 [jīn jié luó]: “Kiṃkara” [name of a Deity].
2) 金伽羅 [jīn jiā luó]: “Kiṃkara” [name of a Deity].
2) Kiṅkara (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 吉迦夜 [jí jiā yè]: “Kiṃ-kārya”; “Kiṅkara”; “Kivkara” [Sanskrit personal name].
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Kiṃkara (किंकर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kiṅkara.
2) Kiṃkāra (किंकार) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Kreṅkāra.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Kiṃkara (ಕಿಂಕರ):—[noun] worry a) the act of worrying; b) a troubled state of mind; distress.
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Kiṃkara (ಕಿಂಕರ):—[noun] a man held in servitude by or one that is completely subservient to, another; a slave.
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Kiṃkāra (ಕಿಂಕಾರ):—[noun] the sound produced by chiming bells.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Kiṅkara (किङ्कर):—n. a servant; slave; steward;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Kinka, Kim, A, Kara, Ra, Na.
Starts with (+0): Kimkarabhava, Kimkarala, Kimkarana, Kimkarani, Kimkaraniya, Kimkaraniyata, Kimkarapani, Kimkarate, Kimkaratva, Kimkaravana, Kimkaravesa, Kimkaravesagey, Kimkaravritti, Kinkarapatissavi, Kinkarappatissavi.
Full-text (+58): Yamakimkara, Shivakimkara, Kimkaratva, Kinkarapatissavi, Kimkarapani, Sakimkara, Shamkarakimkara, Ramakimkara, Kaimkarayana, Kainkarya, Padakimkara, Ji jia ye, Kankara, Jin jie luo, Kinkari, Kinkaratantra, Kinkarappatissavi, Jin jia luo, Viniyoga, Apanganem.
Relevant text
Search found 53 books and stories containing Kimkara, Kiṃ-kara, Kiṃ-karā, Kim-kara, Kiṃ-kāra, Kim-kara-a, Kiṃ-kara-a, Kim-kara-na, Kiṃ-kara-ṇa, Kiṃkara, Kiṃkarā, Kiṃkāra, Kiṅka-ra, Kinka-ra, Kiṅkara, Kiṅkarā, Kinkara, Kinkara, Kiṅkara, Kiṅkāra, Kinkaras; (plurals include: Kimkaras, karas, karās, kāras, as, nas, ṇas, Kiṃkaras, Kiṃkarās, Kiṃkāras, ras, Kiṅkaras, Kiṅkarās, Kinkaras, Kiṅkāras, Kinkarases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Digha Nikaya (Long Discourses) (by Bhikkhu Sujato)
2.5. The Woman-Treasure < [Discourse 17: King Mahāsudassana]
4.1. The First Fruit of the Ascetic Life < [Discourse 2: The Fruits of the Ascetic Life]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.2.23 < [Chapter 2 - The Killing of Keśī]
Verse 1.6.41 < [Chapter 6 - Description of Kaṃsa’s Strength]
Verse 2.16.10 < [Chapter 16 - The Worship of Tulasī]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 360 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 362 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 392 < [Hindi-Gujarati-English Volume 1]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 17 - The Fight between Yama and Grasana < [Section 2 - Kaumārikā-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 27 - The Glory of Aṅkapāda (Restoration of Sāndīpani’s Son) < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 46 - The Reason for the Installation of Rāmanātha < [Section 1 - Setu-māhātmya]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.39 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 11.37 < [Chapter 11 - Additional Ornaments]