Avakasa, Avakāśa, Avakāsa, Avakasha: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Avakasa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Avakāśa can be transliterated into English as Avakasa or Avakasha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—Occasion; possibility of application; cf. इको गुणवृद्धी इत्यस्यावकाशः। चयनं चायकः लवनं लावकः इति । इहोभयं प्राप्नोति (iko guṇavṛddhī ityasyāvakāśaḥ| cayanaṃ cāyakaḥ lavanaṃ lāvakaḥ iti | ihobhayaṃ prāpnoti) | मेद्यति । मार्ष्टीति । (medyati | mārṣṭīti |) M. Bh. on I.1.3. Vārt. 6.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Avakāśa (अवकाश) is a synonym for Deśa (“region”), according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands [viz., Avakāśa], soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Avakāśa (अवकाश) refers to “see sāvakāśa.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Avakāśa (अवकाश) refers to an “open space”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting on horseback (āśvina) represents one of the eight subdivisions of Hunting (mṛgayā). [...] But something should be said in brief about hunting, for the diffusion of its knowledge. [...] In an open space (sa-avakāśa), with followers spread down-wind and acting in concert, the hunting of animals proves an easy success. [...]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
1) Avakāśa (अवकाश) refers to “opening up possibilities”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “When this had been said, the Lord said to the Bodhisattva, the great being Gaganagañja: ‘[...] Just as the sky opens up a possibility (avakāśa) for all living beings, in the same way, [the Bodhisattva] gives a gift to nourish all living beings. Just as the sky is without a concept of ‘mine’, in the same way, [the Bodhisattva] gives a gift free from all [selfish] mental efforts toward all living beings. [...]’”.
2) Avakāśa (अवकाश) refers to “space”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā.—Accordingly, “[...] Thus the realm of the dharma and the realm of self are not two. Why is that? Since the self is pure, the realm of the dharma is also pure. In that way all dharmas are pure, and this purity is illumination; the illumination is without any upper cover; where there is no upper cover, there is no space (avakāśa) for any distinguishing marks; where there are no distinguishing marks there is no basis at all, and being without any basis is the same as open space. In that way he is in accordance with knowledge, and due to the knowledge, he is also in accordance with all dharmas. That is the knowledge of the Bodhisattva becoming like open space”.
Avakāśa (अवकाश) refers to a “(great) opportunity”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after Sāgara filled the lotus-lake with rain-showers], “Then in that region a great opportunity (avakāśa) occurred. The Bhagavān sat down in that region, in the middle of a great assembly he was surrounded and honoured, there was a great assembly of Nāgas, namely 80,000 great Nāga kings gathered, having Sāgara, the Nāga king, as their foremost”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
India history and geography
Avakāśa.—(Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 347, note 5), ‘opportunity for a grammatical rule taking effect’. Note: avakāśa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
avakāsa : (m.) chance; room; opportunity.
Avakāsa, & okāsa (ava + kāś to shine, cp. Sk. avakāśa) 1. “appearance”: akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) D. I, 114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app. of an Aryan J. V, 87; katâvakāsa put into appearance Vv 229.—2. “opportunity”: kata° given leave D. I, 276 Sn. 1030; anavakāsakārin not giving occasion Miln. 383.—anavakāsa not having a chance or opportunity (to happen), impossible; always in ster. phrase aṭṭhānaṃ etaṃ anavakāso Vin. II, 199; A. I, 26; V, 169; Pug. 11, 12; PvA. 28. (Page 81)
avakāsa (အဝကာသ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[ava+kasa+ṇa]
[အဝ+ကသ+ဏ]
[Pali to Burmese]
avakāsa—
(Burmese text): (၁) အကြောင်းအရာ။ (၂) ကြည့်ရှုဖူးမြော်ဖွယ်ရာ-လက်ခြေစသော အင်္ဂါကြီးငယ်ဟူသော-ဌာန။ (၃) အခွင့်၊ ခွင့်ပြုချက်။ (၄) အတုအပ၊ အတုအယောင်။ (၅) အတူ။ (၆) အရပ်ဒေသ။ (၂) အခုဒ္ဒါဝကာသ-ကြည့်။ (၃) ကတာဝကာသ-ကြည့်။ (၄) (၅) အရိယာဝကာသ-ကြည့်။ (၆) အဝ-(၅)-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Subject matter. (2) Something to behold - known as "major or minor branches." (3) Privilege, permission. (4) Imitation, pretense. (5) Together. (6) Region. (2) Current scenarios - view. (3) Qatar scenarios - view. (4) (5) Apparatus scenarios - view. (6) Examine - (5) view.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
avakāśa (अवकाश).—m (S) Leisure; unoccupied or unpressing time. 2 Space or room. 3 Interval; intermediate space or time; time yet wanting or short of. a0 dharaṇēṃ To wait a while; to stop a little.
avakāśa (अवकाश).—m Leisure. Interval. Space or rooms.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—1 Occasion, opportunity; ताते चापद्वितीये वहति रणधुरां को भयस्यावकाशः (tāte cāpadvitīye vahati raṇadhurāṃ ko bhayasyāvakāśaḥ) Ve.3.7; उत्तरावकाशमपाहरन्त्या (uttarāvakāśamapāharantyā) K.24,265; साहाय्यदानावकाशः (sāhāyyadānāvakāśaḥ) DK.96; M.3.13; M.2; oft. used with लभ् (labh) in the sense of 'to get an opportunity or scope for action'; लब्धावकाशोऽविध्यन्मां तत्र दग्धो मनोभवः (labdhāvakāśo'vidhyanmāṃ tatra dagdho manobhavaḥ) Kathāsaritsāgara 1.41.
2) (a) Place, space, room; अवकाशं किलोदन्वान्रामायाभ्यर्थितो ददौ (avakāśaṃ kilodanvānrāmāyābhyarthito dadau) R.4.58; अन्यमवकाशम- वगाहे (anyamavakāśama- vagāhe) V.4; Manusmṛti 3.27; यथावकाशं नी (yathāvakāśaṃ nī) to take to its proper place, R.6.14; अस्माकमस्ति न कथांचिदिहावकाशः (asmākamasti na kathāṃcidihāvakāśaḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 4.8; अवकाशो विविक्तोऽयं महानद्योः समागमे (avakāśo vivikto'yaṃ mahānadyoḥ samāgame) Rām.; सदोषावकाश इव ते वाक्यशेषः (sadoṣāvakāśa iva te vākyaśeṣaḥ) V.3 your unfinished sentence shows that there is room to find fault. (
1) ) Footing, admission, scope, access, entrance; (chāyā) शुद्धे तु दर्पणतले सुलभावकाशा (śuddhe tu darpaṇatale sulabhāvakāśā) Ś.7.32; oft. used in these senses with लभ् (labh); लब्धावकाशा मे प्रार्थना, लब्धावकाशो मे मनोरथः (labdhāvakāśā me prārthanā, labdhāvakāśo me manorathaḥ) Ś.1; शोकावेगदूषिते मे मनसि विवेक एव नावकाशं लभते (śokāvegadūṣite me manasi viveka eva nāvakāśaṃ labhate) Prab.; also with कृ (kṛ) or दा (dā) 'to make room for', 'admit', 'give way to'; असौ हि दत्त्वा तिमिरावकाशम् (asau hi dattvā timirāvakāśam) Mṛcchakaṭika 3.6; तस्माद्देयो विपुलमतिभिर्नावकाशोऽधमानाम् (tasmāddeyo vipulamatibhirnāvakāśo'dhamānām) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.366; शयने दत्तोऽवकाशः (śayane datto'vakāśaḥ) Amaruśataka 21; अदत्तावकाशो मत्सरस्य (adattāvakāśo matsarasya) K.45 not swayed by malice; Manusmṛti 9.271; Y.2.276; ददौ च निजचित्तेऽपि सोवकाशं मनोभुवः (dadau ca nijacitte'pi sovakāśaṃ manobhuvaḥ) Kathāsaritsāgara 2.71; K.132,141,27; Ratn. 2.13; अवकाशं रुध् (avakāśaṃ rudh) to obstruct, hinder or impede; नयनसलिलोत्पीडरुद्धावकाशाम् (nayanasalilotpīḍaruddhāvakāśām) (nidrām) Meghadūta 92.
3) Interval, intermediate space or time.
4) An aperture, opening.
5) A glance cast on anything.
6) Name of certain verses during the recitation of which the eyes must be fixed upon certain objects.
Derivable forms: avakāśaḥ (अवकाशः).
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—(1) in Sanskrit meaning, room, space, but nt. instead of m., Lalitavistara 367.20 (verse) nābhūd °śam asmin; Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 31.4 teṣv °śam asti (or assume m as ‘Hiatus-bridger’?); see also an-avakāśa; (2) appearance, in akṣudrāvakāśa, q.v.; (3) see an-avakāśa, an-okāśa.
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—m.
(-śaḥ) 1. Leisure, opportunity. 2. Interval, space. 3. An open or wide space. 4. A receptacle, a repository, a place in which any thing is kept. 5. A place, a spot, a situation. E. ava between, &c. kāśa to shine, ac aff.
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—[ava-kāś + a], m. 1. Space, room, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 207. 2. Interval. 3. Opportunity, [Rāmāyaṇa] 5, 9, 28; [Pañcatantra] iii. [distich] 263 (264), cf. viṣaya.
Avakāśa (अवकाश).—[masculine] open place, space, room, free course or scope, interval, while, time. opportunity of ([genetive]).
1) Avakāśa (अवकाश):—[=ava-kāśa] [from ava-kāś] m. (ifc. f(ā). ) place, space
2) [v.s. ...] room, occasion, opportunity, (avakāsāṃ √1. kṛ or dā to make room, give way, admit, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] etc.; avakāśaṃ √labh or āp, to get a footing, obtain a favourable opportunity, [Śakuntalā] etc.; to find scope, happen take place; avakāśaṃ √rudh, not to give way, hinder, [Meghadūta]).
3) [v.s. ...] aperture, [Suśruta] (śena [instrumental case] ind. between, [Pbr.])
4) [v.s. ...] intermediate time, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] ‘a glance cast on anything’, Name of certain verses, during the recitation of which the eyes must be fixed on particular objects (which therefore are called avakāśya q.v.), [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra]
Avakāśa (अवकाश):—[ava-kāśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. Leisure.
Avakāśa (अवकाश):—(von kāś mit ava) m.
1) ein auf Etwas gerichteter Blick, techn. Bezeichnung einiger Sprüche, bei deren Recitation auf gewisse Gegenstände geblickt wird. [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 4, 5, 6, 1. 14, 1, 4, 1. 2, 2, 51.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 9, 7, 9.] die hierzu Zuzulassenden heissen avakāśya [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 9, 8, 16. 12, 5, 11. 26, 7, 52]; die nicht Zugelassenen anavakāśita [Harisvāmin] zu [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 4, 5, 6, 5.] —
2) Platz, Raum, Gelegenheit [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 120.] avakāśeṣu cokṣeṣu nadītīreṣu caiva hi . vivikteṣu ca tuṣyanti dattena pitaraḥ sadā .. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 207.] avakāśo vivikto yaṃ mahānadyoḥ samāgame [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 54, 21. 5, 15, 12.] [Suśruta 1, 33, 17. 326, 11.] [Vikramorvaśī 62, 15.] mahāvakāśa geräumig, weit [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 24.] yathāvakāśam adv. nach Verhältniss des Raumes [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 15, 2.] yathāvakāśaṃ nī an seinen Platz bringen [Raghuvaṃśa 6, 14.] asmākamasti na kathaṃcidihāvakāśaḥ [Pañcatantra IV, 9] (vgl. [Sāhityadarpana 43, 19. fgg.]). avakāśo na śāntvasya rākṣaseṣviha dṛśyate .. na dānasya na bhedasya naiva yuddhasya dṛśyate . gatiratra caturṇāṃ hi vānarāṇāṃ mahātmanām .. [Rāmāyaṇa 5, 9, 28. 29.] supi cetyasyāvakāśaḥ . vṛkṣābhyām die Regel supi ca findet Anwendung in dem Beispiele vṛ (vgl. anavakāśa und [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 1,] [Scholiast]) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 2, Scholiast] tato na nyūnatvaśaṅkāvakāśaḥ [Madhusūdanasarasvatī’s Prasthānabheda] in [Weber’s Indische Studien 1, 14, 3.] avakāśaṃ kar oder dā Platz machen, Raum geben, Einlass geben: udyamāya ha tamavakāśaṃ karoti [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 8, 5, 1, 13.] tathāparasmā avakāśaṃ na karoti [13, 8, 1, 19. 20. 3, 12. 10, 2, 2, 7.] bhāṇḍāvakāśada (Räubern) [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 271. 278.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 276.] śayane datto vakāśaḥ [Amaruśataka 18.] [Raghuvaṃśa 4, 58.] tasmāddeyo vipulamatibhirnāvakāśo dhamānām [Pañcatantra I, 410.] dadau ca nijacitte pi so vakāśaṃ manobhuvaḥ [Kathāsaritsāgara 20, 71.] asau hi dattvā timirāvakāśam (der Finsterniss Einlass gebend) astaṃ vrajatyunnatakoṭirinduḥ [Mṛcchakaṭikā 44, 22.] avakāśapradāna [Garbhopaniṣad] in [Weber’s Indische Studien 2, 66.] avakāśaṃ labh Platz finden, festen Fuss gewinnen, eine günstige Aussicht, Gelegenheit erlangen: chāyā na mūrchati malopahataprasāde śuddhe tu darpaṇatale sulabhāvakāśā [Śākuntala 191.] labdhāvakāśo me manorathaḥ [15, 10.] labdhāvakāśā me prārthanā [17, 14.] śokāvegadūṣite me manasi viveka eva nāvakāśaṃ labhate [Prabodhacandrodaja 91, 17.] labdhāvakāśastasya (ihm beizukommen) abhūt [Kathāsaritsāgara 5, 108.] labdhāvakāśo vidhyanmāṃ (so ist zu lesen) tatra dagdho manobhavaḥ [1, 41.] auch avakāśamāp [24, 227.] avakāśaṃ rudh keinen Raum geben, hindern, hemmen: nidrām nayanasalilotpīḍaruddhāvakāśām [Meghadūta 88.] —
3) Zwischenraum, Oeffnung [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 189.] [Suśruta 1, 359, 13. 2, 80, 12.] īṣadavakāśaṃ gatvā zur Erkl. von stokamantarā gatvā [Scholiast] zu [Śākuntala 8, 9.] —
4) Zwischenzeit: atha yānyūrdhvāni krayādahāni tasminnavakāśe dhvaryuragniṃ cenoti [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 6, 2, 2, 29.] — Vgl. abhyavakāśa, abhrāvakāśika, abhrāvakāśin .
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Avakaśa (अवकश):—das Herableuchten: nakṣatrāṇāmavakāśena puṇḍarīkaṃ jāyate [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 18, 9, 6.] —
2) (anayoḥ stanayoḥ) avakāśo na paryāptastava bāhulatāntare kein Platz, kein Raum für [Spr. 3451.] ākāśamavakāśapradāne [Oxforder Handschriften 225,a,8 v. u.] tamasāmavakāśāya damit die Finsterniss Platz greifen könne [Spr. 1588.] na dhvāntamantarbhavane vakāśaṃ karoti [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 43, 33.] Gelegenheit so v. a. Musse [2879.]
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Avakāśa (अवकाश):—
2) saṃprāpya mūḍhabuddhīnāmavakāśam Gelegenheit ihnen beizukommen [Spr. (II) 6886.]
Avakāśa (अवकाश):—m. (adj. Comp. f. ā) —
1) freier Platz , Raum , Stelle. —
2) Zwischenraum. avakāśena dazwischen [Tāṇḍyabrāhmaṇa 18,9,6.] —
3) Zwischenzeit. —
4) Platz für , Gelegenheit zu (Gen.). kāśaṃ kar oder dā Platz machen , Raum — , Gelegenheit geben , Einlass gewähren (mit Dat. und Gen.). kāśaṃ labh oder āp (mit und ohne Präp.) Platz — , Gelegenheit finden , sich Eingang zu verschaffen wissen. kāśaṃ rudh hemmen , hindern. —
5) freie Zeit , Musse [Indische sprüche 6240.] —
6) Bez. gewisser Sprüche , bei deren Recitation auf gewisse Gegenstände geblickt wird.
Avakāśa (अवकाश) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Avagāsa, Uvāsa, Ogāsa, Ovāsa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Avakasa (अवकस) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Avakṛṣ.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Avakāśa (ಅವಕಾಶ):—
1) [noun] the space between.
2) [noun] the time between.
3) [noun] the time free from employment.
4) [noun] a convenient opportunity; an occasion offering possibility.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Avakāśa (अवकाश):—n. free time;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kasa, Ava, Kaca, Na.
Starts with: Avakacam, Avakacamuri, Avakacappeyarcci, Avakasabhava, Avakasayati, Avakasha-grahana, Avakasha-prapta, Avakashada, Avakashaka, Avakashamgudu, Avakashantara, Avakashati, Avakashavant, Avakashavat, Avakashavishaya.
Full-text (+70): Niravakasha, Anavakasha, Savakasha, Yathavakasham, Abhyavakasha, Labdhavakasha, Avakashada, Abhravakasha, Avakashavat, Sulabhavakasha, Avakamsa, Niccatavakasa, Ubhatoavakasa, Avakasabhava, Vavakattha, Ariyavakasa, Katavakasa, Akhuddavakasa, Niddosasundarasariravakasa, Avakashya.
Relevant text
Search found 33 books and stories containing Avakasa, Avakāśa, Avakāsa, Avakasha, Ava-kasha, Ava-kāśa, Ava-kasa, Avakaśa, Ava-kasa-na, Ava-kasa-ṇa; (plurals include: Avakasas, Avakāśas, Avakāsas, Avakashas, kashas, kāśas, kasas, Avakaśas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 67 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Page 939 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Page 693 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Satapatha-brahmana (by Julius Eggeling)
Kanda XIV, adhyaya 1, brahmana 4 < [Fourteenth Kanda]
Kanda IV, adhyaya 5, brahmana 6 < [Fourth Kanda]
Kanda XIV, adhyaya 2, brahmana 2 < [Fourteenth Kanda]
A study of the philosophy of Jainism (by Deepa Baruah)
Chapter III.d - Division of jaina categories or substances < [Chapter III - Categories]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Part 5 - Casting the mount sumerus far away < [Chapter XLIX - The Four Conditions]
Bhūmi 5: the ground difficult to conquer (sudurjayā) < [Chapter XX - (2nd series): Setting out on the Mahāyāna]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.234 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 3.2.107 < [Chapter 2 - Description of the Lord’s Travel Through Bhuvaneśvara and Other Placesto Jagannātha Purī]
Verse 3.10.182 < [Chapter 10 - The Glories of Śrī Puṇḍarīka Vidyānidhi]