Vihina, Vihīna, Vihīnā: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Vihina means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Vihīnā (विहीना) means “devoid of”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] (Whereas) she who is the Mother (of the universe) is the supreme Light seen within the heart. There, in the middle (of the heart) one can see (her), the primordial energy, the Transmental. Devoid of all the principles of existence [i.e., sarvatattva-vihīnā], she is incomparable and without form. Abiding there, in the centre, one can see the goddess (Kuṇḍalinī) whose form is coiled. Kubjikā is that supreme goddess (parā devī), the first (of all things) in the universe. [...] Full of the Three Principles, she has issued forth in countless modalities”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to “without” (i.e., ‘that which is devoid of’), according to the 13th-century Matsyendrasaṃhitā: a Kubjikā-Tripurā oriented Tantric Yoga text of the Ṣaḍanvayaśāmbhava tradition from South India.—Accordingly, “[The Goddess spoke]:—Tell me, O Maheśvara, how should the Yogin sexually approach the one who is called Māyā, who has neither form/beauty nor a clan/noble family/body? [Bhairava spoke]:—Listen to me, O Goddess, I shall teach you the extraordinary intercourse with Māyā. It is fruitful, O Maheśānī, and difficult to learn by others and Yogins without yogic Powers (siddhi-vihīna), O Suranāyakī”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to “being devoid (of riches)” (created by Brahmā), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.33 (“The appeasement of Himavat”).—Accordingly, as Vasiṣṭha said to Himavat (Himācala): “[...] Śiva, the lord of gods, is devoid of riches (sampad-vihīna) created by Brahmā. But His mind is engrossed in the ocean of true knowledge. How can lord Śiva who is knowledge-Bliss Himself have any desire for articles created by Brahmā? An ordinary householder gives his daughter to one who has a kingdom and riches in his possession? By offering his daughter to a miserable person, a father may be guilty of slaughtering his daughter. Who can think Śiva miserable whose servant is Kubera? [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to the “absence” (of Yoga practice), according to the Dattātreyayogaśāstra (roughly contemporary with the Amanaska’s second chapter).—Accordingly, while discussing the merits of Yogic practice: “Without (vihīna) practice, [the Yogin] becomes worldly. Therefore, having remembered the teachings of his guru, he should practise [yoga] day and night. Thus, [only] through the constant practice of yoga, does the [second] stage [of yoga called] Ghaṭa arise. Without the practice of yoga, [it is all] in vain. [Yoga] is not perfected through social gatherings. Therefore, [the Yogin] should practise only yoga with every effort.”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to the “diminished (constituents)” (of an elephant), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 5, “on marks of the stages of life”]: “16. The places where there are wrinkles (begin to) crack open on the surface (ūrdhva); his sense faculties, bodily humors, and spirit are somewhat diminished (kiñcid-vihīna); hair grows on his tusk sheaths, lip, ears, etc., and the roots of his tusks have fallen out ; then he has entered the sixth stage”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to “being free from” (both taking and rejecting the senses), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] When the mind is freed from such pairs of opposites as, ‘I have done this’, and ‘I have not done that’, it becomes indifferent to merit, wealth, sensuality and liberation. One man is abstemious and averse to the senses, another is greedy and attached to them, but he who is free from (vihīna) both taking and rejecting is neither abstemious nor greedy [grahamokṣavihīnastu na virakto na rāgavān]. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to a “lower (class)”, according to the Bhūśalyasūtrapātananimittavidhi section of Jagaddarpaṇa’s Ācāryakriyāsamuccaya, a text within Tantric Buddhism dealing with construction manual for monasteries etc.—Accordingly, “[...] If a frog croaks, there is danger of water in the [donor’s?] house. If smoke [is seen], there is distraction of mind. If a person suffering from a disease, a person of a lower [class] (vihīna), a person suffering from leprosy, a deranged person, and a woman are seen, then it causes disease”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to “being deprived (of power)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after the Bhagavān taught the great heart-dhāraṇī], “[...] If it is otherwise and you neglect the Tathāgata’s authorization and his dignity of speech, then all Nāga residences are ignited and burnt. [...] Let them be deprived of power (balavihīna), and their valour be destroyed. Let them be without water. Let there be the drying up of the residence. Let them have hard bodies. Let them always have the danger of fire-sand and be hungry and thirsty. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Vihīna (विहीन) refers to “(being) free from” (creation and destruction), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “This cosmos must be thought of as filled with a multitude of objects exceedingly firmly embraced by the maintenance of life, birth and death in the middle of the rings of wind, complete in this world of its own accord, accomplished without a beginning, ancient [and] free from creation and destruction (kṛtivilaya-vihīna). [Thus ends the reflection on] the cosmos”.
Synonyms: Śūnya, Rahita.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
vihīna : (pp. of vihāyati) left; lost; decreased.
Vihīna, (adj.) (pp. of vijahati) left, given up, abandoned Sdhp. 579. (Page 643)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
vihīṇa (विहीण).—f ī or ē (vivāhī S through vyāhī & vyāhīṇa) The mother in law of one's son or daughter. The two mothers are vihīṇa reciprocally to each other and respectively to their child's father in law. Pr. vi0 nāhīṃ jhālī paṇa māṇḍavākhālūna tara gēlī asēla Although we may not have experienced, yet, at least, we may have seen and observed.
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vihīna (विहीन).—a S Destitute or void of; standing or being without; wanting. In comp. as jalavihīna- kūpa, prāṇavihīnadēha, dhanavihīna, annavihīna, jñāna- vihīna, ētadvihīna, tadvihīna.
vihīṇa (विहीण).—f The mother-in-law of one's son or daughter.
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vihīna (विहीन).—a Destitute of, wanting: in comp. as vidyāvihīna.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vihīna (विहीन).—p. p.
1) Left, abandoned, forsaken.
2) Devoid of, destitute or deprived of, without (usually in comp.); विद्याविहीनः पशुः (vidyāvihīnaḥ paśuḥ) Bhartṛhari 2.2.
3) Base, low, inferior.
Vihīna (विहीन).—mfn.
(-naḥ-nā-naṃ) 1. Abandoned, left, deserted. 2. Deprived of. 3. Low, inferior. E. vi before hā to abandon, aff. kta .
Vihīna (विहीन).—[adjective] abandoned, deserted, deprived or destitute of ([instrumental], [ablative], or —°); wanting, missing; low, mean.
1) Vihīna (विहीन):—[=vi-hīna] [from vi-hā] a mfn. entirely abandoned or left etc.
2) [v.s. ...] low, vulgar, [Mahābhārata]
3) [v.s. ...] ([in the beginning of a compound]) wanting, missing, absent, [Rāmāyaṇa; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
4) [v.s. ...] destitute or deprived of, free from ([instrumental case] [ablative], or [compound]), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
5) [=vi-hīna] b etc. See above.
Vihīna (विहीन):—[vi-hīna] (naḥ-nā-naṃ) a. Deprived of.
Vihīna (विहीन):—s. hā, jahāti mit vi .
Vihīna (विहीन) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vihīṇa.
Vīhīna (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 乏 [fá]: “lacking”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vihina (विहिन):——a suffix used to impart a negative sense—without/deprived of/divested of/bereft of; hence ~[tā] (nf).
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Vihīṇa (विहीण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Vihīna.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Vihīna (ವಿಹೀನ):—
1) [adjective] not having; lost; deprived of.
2) [adjective] abandoned; relinquished.
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Vihīna (ವಿಹೀನ):—[noun] a man deprived of or not having something.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vihīna (विहीन):—adj. without; devoid of; deprived of;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Vihinajati, Vihinara, Vihinasattva, Vihinata, Vihinatilaka, Vihinavarna, Vihinayoni.
Full-text (+64): Vidyavihina, Vihinata, Vihinayoni, Drigvihina, Karanavihina, Pabhavihina, Dhanavihina, Vihinavarna, Vihinatilaka, Balavihina, Mrijavihina, Matapitrivihina, Shrotravihina, Madvihina, Krishivihina, Shrutavihina, Kincidvihina, Rupavihina, Vamshavihina, Vihinajati.
Relevant text
Search found 45 books and stories containing Vihina, Vi-hina, Vi-hīna, Vihīna, Vihīṇa, Vihīnā, Vīhīna; (plurals include: Vihinas, hinas, hīnas, Vihīnas, Vihīṇas, Vihīnās, Vīhīnas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 27.36 < [Chapter 27 - The Character of the Drekkana]
Verse 21.5 < [Chapter 21 - Support Yogas]
Verse 27.22 < [Chapter 27 - The Character of the Drekkana]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 359 < [Hindi-Marathi-English Volume 3]
Page 460 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 930 < [Marathi-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra (by Bai Bahadur J. L. Jaini)
Chapter 17 - The concept of Bhavya margana (Capacity of liberation) < [Volume 1 - Jiva-kanda (the soul)]
Chapter 10 - The concept of Veda Margana (Sex-Soul-Quest) < [Volume 1 - Jiva-kanda (the soul)]
Chapter 7 - The concept of Thought-activities (Bhava) < [Volume 3 - Karma-kanda, part 2]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.86 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Ganitatilaka (Sanskrit text and English introduction) (by H. R. Kapadia)
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.3.35 < [Chapter 3 - Bhajana (loving service)]
Verse 1.5.129 < [Chapter 5 - Priya (the beloved devotees)]