Parrot: 3 definitions
Introduction:
Parrot means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the VisnudharmottarapuranaParrots and Mynas were traditionally trained (to speak and sing), as part of the “sixty four kinds of Art”, according to the Kamasutra of Vatsyayana.—Cf. the Sanskrit Śukasārikāpralāpana.—Indian tradition, basically includes sixty four Art forms are acknowledged. The history of Indian Art covers approximately five thousand years which presents a rich and almost continuous record. The references of sixty four kinds of Kala (कला, kalā) are found in the Bhagavatapurana, Shaiva-Tantras, Kamasutra of Vatsyayana etc.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)1) The Parrot is denoted by the Sanskrit therm Śuka, whereas Śukatuṇḍa-hasta refers to one of the twenty-two Single-hand Gestures (in Indian Dramas) (known as asaṃyuktahastas), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The word śukatuṇḍa is the amalgamation of two words viz., śuka and tuṇḍa. Śuka means parrot and tuṇḍa means head. So, the word śukatuṇḍa denotes the head of a parrot. In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the ring finger is suggested to be bent in the position of arālahasta to make the śukatuṇḍahasta. When the forefinger and the ring finger are curved in arālahasta, the two bend fingers make a curve shape which looks like the head of a parrot.
2) Parrots are also associated with Bhramara-hasta: another one of the twenty-two Single-hand Gestures.—The name of the posture bhramara itself identifies the shape of a bhramara i.e., a black bee. Abhinavagupta also admits it. [...] In the Abhinayadarpaṇa, this posture is said to denote bee, parrot, wing, crane, cuckoo etc.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
India history and geography
Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)Parrots were commonly depicted on the Saṃsāracakra paintings (representing scenes of human life), in ancient India, as mentioned in the Kathās (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā (a Prakrit Campū, similar to Kāvya poetry).—Page 185.21 f.: Here follows a description of a printed scroll illustrating the Jaina conception of saṃsāracakra. [...] The saṃsāra-cakra illustrated the three worlds of hell, human world and the world of gods. [For example:] Persons shooting animals with bow and arrow; a person holding a naked sword and showing feats of swordsmanship; parrots and magpies put in cages for amusement
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Parrot alstroemeria, Parrot flower, Parrot leaf, Parrot lily, Parrot tree, Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, Parrotwood.
Full-text (+390): Shuka, Kira, Shauka, Bahuja, Vakratunda, Rajashuka, Ciri, Vakranakra, Shuki, Shatapatra, Priyadarshana, Popata, Kirakhada, Popatajnana, Shukanasika, Aragili, Arasugili, Arasagili, Panjarashuka, Rajakira.
Relevant text
Search found 133 books and stories containing Parrot; (plurals include: Parrots). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3 (by Henry Parker)
Story 34 - The Kinnara and the Parrots < [Part I - Stories told by the Cultivating Caste and Vaeddas]
Story 12 - The Black Storks’ Girl < [Part I - Stories told by the Cultivating Caste and Vaeddas]
Story 8 - The Prince And The Princess < [Part I - Stories told by the Cultivating Caste and Vaeddas]
The Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6 (by Robert Chalmers)
Jataka 484: Sālikedāra-jātaka < [Volume 4]
Jataka 255: Suka-jātaka < [Book III - Tika-Nipāta]
Jataka 429: Mahāsuka-jātaka < [Volume 3]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
The Religion and Philosophy of Tevaram (Thevaram) (by M. A. Dorai Rangaswamy)
Chapter 63 - Ciparppatam (Hymn 79) < [Volume 3.5 - Pilgrim’s progress: to the North]
Chapter 49-50 - Thirunindravur or Tiruninriyur (Hymn 65) < [Volume 3.4 - Pilgrim’s progress: with Paravai]
Chapter 65 (a) - Thiruvottriyur or Tiruvorriyur or Tiruvottiyur (Hymn 91) < [Volume 3.5 - Pilgrim’s progress: to the North]
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 123 - Kuñjala’s Story: A Preceptor Is a Holy Place < [Section 2 - Bhūmi-khaṇḍa (section on the earth)]
Chapter 57 - The Washerman’s Former Birth < [Section 5 - Pātāla-Khaṇḍa (Section on the Nether World)]
Chapter 15 - The Efficacy of Rāma’s Name < [Section 7 - Kriyāyogasāra-Khaṇḍa (Section on Essence of Yoga by Works)]
Pallava period (Social and Cultural History) (by S. Krishnamurthy)
Depiction of Birds < [Chapter 4 - Material Culture of the People]
The cultural life of the Pre-Pallava Period < [Chapter 4 - Material Culture of the People]
Depiction of Fauna < [Chapter 4 - Material Culture of the People]