Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.27.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

धा॒रय॑न्त आदि॒त्यासो॒ जग॒त्स्था दे॒वा विश्व॑स्य॒ भुव॑नस्य गो॒पाः । दी॒र्घाधि॑यो॒ रक्ष॑माणा असु॒र्य॑मृ॒तावा॑न॒श्चय॑माना ऋ॒णानि॑ ॥
धारयन्त आदित्यासो जगत्स्था देवा विश्वस्य भुवनस्य गोपाः । दीर्घाधियो रक्षमाणा असुर्यमृतावानश्चयमाना ऋणानि ॥
dhārayanta ādityāso jagat sthā devā viśvasya bhuvanasya gopāḥ | dīrghādhiyo rakṣamāṇā asuryam ṛtāvānaś cayamānā ṛṇāni ||

English translation:

“The divine Ādityas are the upholders (of all things), moveable or immoveable; the protectors of the universe; the provident in acts; the collectors of rain; the possessors of veracity; the acquitters of our debts.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The collectors of rain: asuryam rakṣamāṇāḥ: asurā = a cloud; from asu = water, as the same with life;

Ra = what yields; hence, asuryam is the water of the cloud, or rain, which the Ādityas keep collected until the season of its full tat tat kāle vṛṣṭyutpādanāya rakṣanti; the acquitter of our debts: the debts are literally so; those which are to be paid by the worshippers to other person ns; ṛṇan stotṛbhiranyebhyaḥ pradeyāni

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kūrmo gārtsamado gṛtsamado vā [kūrma gārtsamada gṛtsamada vā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ādityāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

धा॒रय॑न्तः । आ॒दि॒त्यासः॑ । जग॑त् । स्थाः । दे॒वाः । विश्व॑स्य । भुव॑नस्य । गो॒पाः । दी॒र्घऽधि॑यः । रक्ष॑माणाः । अ॒सु॒र्य॑म् । ऋ॒तऽवा॑नः । चय॑मानाः । ऋ॒णानि॑ ॥
धारयन्तः । आदित्यासः । जगत् । स्थाः । देवाः । विश्वस्य । भुवनस्य । गोपाः । दीर्घधियः । रक्षमाणाः । असुर्यम् । ऋतवानः । चयमानाः । ऋणानि ॥
dhārayantaḥ | ādityāsaḥ | jagat | sthāḥ | devāḥ | viśvasya | bhuvanasya | gopāḥ | dīrgha-dhiyaḥ | rakṣamāṇāḥ | asuryam | ṛta-vānaḥ | cayamānāḥ | ṛṇāni

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.27.4 English analysis of grammar]

dhārayanta < dhārayantaḥ < dhāray < √dhṛ

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”

ādityāso < ādityāsaḥ < āditya

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“sun; Aditya; Surya; āditya [word].”

jagat

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“movable; Jagatī; moving.”

sthā

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

devā < devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

viśvasya < viśva

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

bhuvanasya < bhuvana

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”

gopāḥ < gopā

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“herder; defender.”

dīrghādhiyo < dīrgha

[noun]

“long; long; long; large; far; deep; dīrgha [word].”

dīrghādhiyo < ādhiyaḥ < ādhī

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“longing.”

rakṣamāṇā < rakṣamāṇāḥ < rakṣ

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

asuryam < asurya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“dignity.”

ṛtāvānaś < ṛtāvānaḥ < ṛtāvan

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“law-abiding; faithful; righteous.”

cayamānā < cayamānāḥ < ci

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”

ṛṇāni < ṛṇa

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“debt; debt; ṛṇa [word].”

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