Dvividha, Dvi-vidha: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Dvividha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Dvividha (द्विविध).—Same as Śibikā.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 122. 32.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaiva philosophy
Dvividha (द्विविध) refers to the “two types” (of inference), according to the Nyāyamañjarī, vol. I, 326.—Accordingly, “Inference is of two sorts (dvividha—dvividham anumānam): one [concerns an object] the perception of which has [already] occurred [at some point]; the other [concerns an object] the perception of which has [yet] to occur.But the inference of [entities] such as God [concerns an object] the perception of which has [yet] to occur. [...]”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Dvividha (द्विविध) refers to the “two-fold (option)”, according to the Svacchandatantra verse 4.79b-81b.—Accordingly, “Next there is the initiation for the purpose of the purification of the cosmic path for those who seek the fruit of [either] enjoyment or liberation. The subtle method that causes the cutting of the bonds is explained. The Guru asks the candidate seeking benefits [about] the two-fold (dvividha) [option]. Whatever fruit he desires, accordingly he should start the propitiation of Mantras”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Dvividha (द्विविध) refers to the “two kinds” (of bindu), according to the Amṛtasiddhi, a 12th-century text belonging to the Haṭhayoga textual tradition.—Accordingly, “Know bindu to be of two kinds (dvividha), male and female. Semen (bīja) is said to be the male [bindu] and rajas (female generative fluid) is female. As a result of their external union people are created. When they are united internally, then one is declared a yogi. [...]
Dvividha (द्विविध) refers to the “two-fold (Yoga)”, according to the South-Indian recension of the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] There is one Yoga which brings about liberation and is the best of the best of all Yogas. It is declared to be twofold (dvividha), according to its preliminary and advanced stages. In this system, Tāraka is preliminary and Rājayoga is advanced. First, I shall explain the preliminary yoga in brief. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Dvividha (द्विविध) refers to the “two kinds” (of asceticism), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “[com.—In that regard he explains (darśayati) the twofold (dvividhaṃ) asceticism (tapaḥ)]—Hardship of the limbs of the body is excellent in respect of the divisions beginning with fasting. Internal [asceticism] in the form of meditation is excellent in respect of the divisions beginning with atonement. Having found the path of non-attachment, the more the one who has subdued his senses undergoes asceticism, the more he destroys the karmas which are difficult to conquer”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Dvividha (द्विविध).—a. of two kinds or sorts; द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः (dvividhaḥ saṃśrayaḥ smṛtaḥ) Manusmṛti 7.162.
Dvividha is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dvi and vidha (विध).
Dvividha (द्विविध).—mfn.
(-dhaḥ-dhā-dhaṃ) Of two kinds, in two ways. E. dvi, and vidha sort.
Dvividha (द्विविध).—[adjective] twofold, dhā [adverb]
1) Dvividha (द्विविध):—[=dvi-vidha] [from dvi] mfn. two fold, of 2 kinds, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Manu-smṛti; Suśruta] etc.
2) Dvividhā (द्विविधा):—[=dvi-vidhā] [from dvi-vidha > dvi] ind. in 2 parts or ways (vibhinna), [Rāmāyaṇa vii, 54.]
Dvividha (द्विविध):—[dvi-vidha] (dhaḥ-dhā-dhaṃ) a. Of two kinds.
Dvividha (द्विविध):—(dvi + vidhā) adj. zweifach, zweierlei [Śāṅkhāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 16, 20, 1.] [LĀṬY. 4, 5, 19.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 162. fgg. 9, 256. 12, 88.] [Suśruta 1, 4, 3. 149, 15. 154, 5.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 127.]
--- OR ---
Dvividhā (द्विविधा):—zweifach: vibhinnāḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 7, 54. Scholiast] : dvividhayā prakāradvayena . — Vgl. trividhā unter trividha .
Dvividha (द्विविध):—Adj. (f. ā) zweifach , zweierlei.
--- OR ---
Dvividhā (द्विविधा):—Adv. zweifach.
Dvividha (द्विविध) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Duviha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Dvividha (ದ್ವಿವಿಧ):—[noun] (pl.) two
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
1) Dvividha (द्विविध):—adj. of two kinds/types; of two sorts;
2) Dvividhā (द्विविधा):—n. dilemma; hesitation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Pali-English dictionary
dvividha (ဒွိဝိဓ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[dvi+vidha．dve vidhā pakārāyassa tanti duvidhaṃ．kaṅkhā,yo,mahāṭī,1.45.(-161.pañcikā,3.91).(dvividha-saṃ,duviha-prā)]
[ဒွိ+ဝိဓ။ ဒွေ ဝိဓာ ပကာရာယဿ တန္တိ ဒုဝိဓံ။ ကင်္ခါ၊ ယော၊ မဟာဋီ၊၁။၄၅။(-၁၆၁။ပဉ္စိကာ၊၃။၉၁)။(ဒွိဝိဓ-သံ၊ ဒုဝိဟ-ပြာ)]
[Pali to Burmese]
dvividha—
(Burmese text): (၁) (က) ၂-ပါးသော အပြား။ (ခ) ၂-ပါး-သော-အဖို့-အစု။ (တိ) (၂) ၂-ပါး အပြား ရှိသော။
(Auto-Translation): (1) (a) Two-piece tiles. (b) Two-piece collection. (c) (2) Tiles that are two pieces.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Duvidha, Dvividhagrasta-manasthiti, Dvividhajalashayotsargapramanadarshana, Dvividhakarya.
Full-text (+47): Duvidha, Dvaividhya, Vidha, Dvividhakarya, Dwividha, Satmaka, Duviha, Jalashayotsargapramanadarshana, Dwividh, Kutipraveshika, Sanjana, Anubhuti, Bhavakhya, Er duan, Er zhong fa shen, Fan nao you er, Niyamaka, Aksharavritta, Er dao, Er zhong ye.
Relevant text
Search found 112 books and stories containing Dvividha, Dvi-vidha, Dvividhā, Dvi-vidhā; (plurals include: Dvividhas, vidhas, Dvividhās, vidhās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha of Udbhata (by Narayana Daso Banhatti)
Chapter 2 (dvitiyo vargah) < [Sanskrit text of the Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha]
Chapter 1—First Varga < [English notes to the Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha]
Influence of Nyaya-Vaisesika on Ayurveda (by Sindhu K. K.)
11. Sadrasas or Six tastes < [Chapter 3 - Scientific heritage of Nyaya-Vaisesika and Ayurveda: An apraisal]
Notes for chapter 4 < [Chapter 4 - Reflections of Nyaya-Vaisesika on Ayurveda—Based on Caraka Samhitha]
Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study) (by Diptimani Goswami)
Substance (1): Pṛthivī (Earth) < [Chapter 3 - Dravya (Substance)]
Mokṣa or Liberation < [Chapter 2 - Salient features of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika System]
Substance (8): Ātmā (Self) < [Chapter 3 - Dravya (Substance)]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence (by P. V. Rajee)