Candala, Caṇḍāla, Camdala, Canda-ala: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Candala means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chandala.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).—(See Cāturvarṇya).
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).—Redeemed of their sins at Benares;1 prohibited from seeing food offered at the Śrāddha.2 Satyavrata became a Caṇḍāla.3
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) refers to one of the seven “minor dialects” (vibhāṣā) of language used in dramatic composition (nāṭya), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 18.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaiva philosophy
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) refers to an “outcaste”, according to Somānanda’s Śivadṛṣṭi verse 3.42cd–47.—Accordingly, “[...] How can there be something pure, something diminished, etc., when his nature is undivided? The fact of being gold simply exists in gold, (be it) in (the form of) a golden spittoon, etc., or in (the form of) a tiara, etc. The (fact of being) gold is in no way divided [i.e., differentiated] whatsoever. If you argue that a fire installed in an outcaste’s house (caṇḍāla-sadman) is not (properly) called a fire [i.e., it is not a proper, ritually-purified fire], we reply: that may be so [i.e., this does not contradict our notion of the uniformity of the nature of fire as such]. [...]”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) refers to—Dog-eater, outcaste.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल) refers to an “outcast” (who, when touching certain vessels, pollutes them), according to the Pātravidhi—a manual of the Lakulīśa Pāśupata school of Śaivism dealing with purification of the initiate’s vessel (pātra) and other concerned issues.—Accordingly, “One should abandon altogether vessels made of clay, wood and fruit, which have come into contact with phlegm, tears, pus, stools, urine, liquor, sperm and blood. One should abandon altogether a vessel which is touched by a thief, an outcast (cāṇḍāla), one who has lost his status by committing a crime, a dog, a man of Bhilla or some other [wild tribes], and also [a vessel which has come into contact] with a crow’s faeces and similar [polluting] things. A vessel very much spoiled [by impure substance] should be broken and floated in water. (44–46ab)”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Chāndāla (छान्दाल): A person of a degraded caste, whose conduct was much below standard and whose cause pollution.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Caṇḍālinī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Guṇacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the guṇacakra refers to one of the four divisions of the sahaja-puṭa (‘innate layer’), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Caṇḍāla] are whitish red in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल) refers to a “man of the lowest and most despised of the mixed tribes”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “A god becomes [filled] with lamenting, a dog ascends to heaven, a Brāhman might become discernible in substance [as a dog] or an insect or even a low outcaste [com.—cāṇḍāla—‘a man of the lowest and most despised of the mixed tribes’]. Like an actor here on the stage, the embodied soul continually takes on individual characters [and] he abandons others”.
Synonyms: Śvapaca.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
caṇḍāla : (m.) an outcaste or untouchable.
1) Caṇḍāla, 2 (nt.) a kind of amusement or trick D. I, 6≈(=ayogulakīḷā play with an iron ball DA. I, 84). (Page 260)
2) Caṇḍāla, 1 (Vedic caṇḍāla) a man of a certain low tribe, one of the low classes, an outcaste; grouped with others under nīcā kulā (low born clans) as caṇḍālā nesādā veṇā rathakārā pukkusā at A. I, 107=II. 85=Pug. 51. As caṇḍāla-pukkusā with the four recognized grades of society (see jāti & khattiya) at A. I, 162.—Vin. IV, 6; M. II, 152; S. V, 168 sq. (°vaṃsa); A. III, 214, 228 (brāhmaṇa°); IV, 376; J. IV, 303; PvA. 175; Miln. 200.—f. caṇḍālī A. III, 226; Pv III, 113; DhA. II, 25. See also pukkusa. (Page 260)
1) caṇḍāla (စဏ္ဍာလ) [(na) (န)]—
[caṇḍāla+ṇa]
[စဏ္ဍာလ+ဏ]
2) caṇḍāla (စဏ္ဍာလ) [(na) (န)]—
[caṇḍa+ala]
[စဏ္ဍ+အလ]
3) caṇḍāla (စဏ္ဍာလ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[caḍi+ala．ka．665．nīti,sutta．13va8．caḍi caṇḍikke,caṇḍālo,dīghattaṃ．rū．675．caṇḍa+ṇāla．caṇḍeti pīḷetīti caṇḍālo,mātaṅgo．ṇvādi．187．caṇḍa caṇḍikke,ālo．,ṭī．517．thī-nitea caṇḍālī．]
[စဍိ+အလ။ ကစ္စည်း။ ၆၆၅။ နီတိ၊ သုတ္တ။ ၁၃ဝ၈။ စဍိ စဏ္ဍိက္ကေ၊ စဏ္ဍာလော၊ ဒီဃတ္တံ။ ရူ။ ၆၇၅။ စဏ္ဍ+ဏာလ။ စဏ္ဍေတိ ပီဠေတီတိ စဏ္ဍာလော၊ မာတင်္ဂေါ။ ဏွာဒိ။ ၁၈၇။ စဏ္ဍ စဏ္ဍိက္ကေ၊ အာလော။ ဓာန်၊ ဋီ။ ၅၁၇။ ထီ-၌ စဏ္ဍာလီ။]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) caṇḍāla—
(Burmese text): (၁) ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍား (အမျိုးဇာတ်,အလုပ်အကိုင်နိမ့်ကျသူ)။ (က) ခွက်လက်စွဲ၍ တောင်းစားသော ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍား၊ သူတောင်းစား၊ သူဖုန်းစား၊ ပုန်းတောင်းယာစကာ။ (ခ) ခွေးသားစားသော ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍား။ (ဂ) သူသေကောင် စွန့်ပစ်သော ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍား၊ သုသာန်စောင့်၊ သုဘရာဇာ။ (ဃ) အဟောင်း-အပျက်-ကို ပြုပြင်သော ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍား။ (၂) ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားဇာတ်။ စဏ္ဍာလီ-(၂)-လည်းကြည့်။ (၃) ကပြား၊ အမိပုဏ္ဏေးမ,အဖသူယုတ် (သူဆင်းရဲ) တို့မှ မွေးဖွားသူ။ ၄-ဂါထာလည်းကြည့်ပါ။ (တိ) (၄) ကြမ်းတမ်း-ထက်မြက်-သော။ စဏ္ဍာလဝံသ-(၁)-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Don Sanda (a type of character, a jobless person). (a) A begging Don Sanda who begs with a bowl, the person who begs, the one who uses a phone to beg, a beggar. (b) A Don Sanda that eats dog meat. (c) A Don Sanda who discards the dead, a cemetery guardian, a tomb caretaker. (d) A Don Sanda who repairs the old and broken. (2) Don Sanda story. Also see Sandali-(2). (3) Born from a nagging mother, an oppressive father (the one who is poor). 4 - also refer to the verse. (Important) (4) Rugged and more cunning. See Sandalavanta-(1).
2) caṇḍāla—
(Burmese text): ကြမ်းတမ်း-ခံ့ကျန်း-သန်စွမ်း-ခြင်းငှါ စွမ်းနိုင်သော ကစားခြင်း၊ ကြမ်းတမ်း-ခံ့ကျန်း-သန်စွမ်း-ခြင်းကို ဖြစ်စေနိုင်သော ကစားခြင်း၊ သံလုံး-သံတွေ-ကစားခြင်း။
(Auto-Translation): Playing that can withstand tough environments and can promote resilience; playing that can create resilience; playing with balls and sounds.
3) caṇḍāla—
(Burmese text): (၁) ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားတို့၏ ကစားခြင်း၊ ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားတို့၏ ပိုက်ဆံလျှော်တို့ကို ရေဆွတ်၍-အချင်းချင်း-တစ်ယောက်နှင့် တစ်ယောက်-ရိုက်ပုတ်ကစားခြင်း။ (ပု) (၂) ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားဥပါသကာ၊ ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားနှင့် တူသောသူ၊ ဒွန်းစဏ္ဍားကဲ့သို့ ယုတ်ညံ့သော ကိုယ်ကျင့်တရား ရှိသော သူ။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Playing of the dice, squaring off against each other by taking turns to roll the dice. (2) A person who is similar to the dice, having a character that is as rough as that of the dice.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
caṇḍaḷa (चंडळ).—n P A patch or fragment (of mortar, plaster, brick) detached from a wall.
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caṇḍāla (चंडाल).—m (S) pop. caṇḍāḷa m An individual of any of the lowest of the mixed tribes, born from a Shudra father and Brahman mother. Hence fig. A vile, filthy, loathsome, abominable person: also an atrocious, monstrous, heinous, flagitious, awfully truculent, ferocious, or wicked person or deed.
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cāṇḍāḷa (चांडाळ).—Better caṇḍāḷa &c.
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cāndalā (चांदला).—m (cānda Moon.) A ṭikalī or ornamental piece (of brass, silver, glass &c.) or a painted patch worn by females on the forehead. 2 A term of reviling for an overlarge ṭikā of gandha on the forehead.
cāndalā (चांदला).—m An ornamental piece (of brass, &c.) worn by females on the forehead.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).—a. [caṇḍ-ālac]
1) Wicked or cruel in deeds, of black deeds (krūrakarman) cf. कर्मचाण्डाल (karmacāṇḍāla).
-laḥ A general name for the lowest and most despised of the mixed castes originating from a Śūdra father and a Brāhmaṇa mother.
2) A man of this caste, an outcast; चण्डालः किमयं द्विजातिरथवा (caṇḍālaḥ kimayaṃ dvijātirathavā) Bhartṛhari 3.56; Manusmṛti 5.131;1.12,16;11. 176.
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल).—(-lī f.) [caṇḍāla eva svārthe aṇ] An out-caste; see चण्डाल (caṇḍāla); चण्डालः किमयं द्विजातिरथवा (caṇḍālaḥ kimayaṃ dvijātirathavā) Bhartṛhari 3.56; Manusmṛti 3.239; 4.79; Y.1.93.
Derivable forms: cāṇḍālaḥ (चाण्डालः).
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).—m.
(-laḥ) An outcaste, a Chandala, the generic name for a man of the lowest of the mixed tribes, born from a Sudra father and Brahman mother. E. caṇḍa angry, and ala able, or caṇḍ to be angry. and ālac Unadi affix; proper to execute all vile or barbarous acts; also cāṇḍāla
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल).—m.
(-laḥ) A name of an impure or degraded tribe, a Chandala, a Pariah, an outcaste. f. (-lī) A woman of the same tribe. E. caḍi to be angry, Unadi affix ālañ and according to some aṇ added also caṇḍāla.
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).— (akin to caṇḍa), m. A man of the lowest of the mixed tribes, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 131; 10, 12; f. lā, A woman of that tribe, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 175.
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल).—i. e. caṇḍāla + a, m., f. lī; = caṇḍāla, An outcast, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 239; 8, 373.
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल).—[masculine] a Candala or outcast.
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल).—[masculine] = caṇḍāla.
1) Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):—m. (= cāṇḍāla) an outcast, man of the lowest and most despised of the mixed tribes (born from a Śūdra father and a Brāhman mother), [Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra ii, vi; Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Manu-smṛti] etc. (ifc. ‘a very low representative of.’ [Kādambarī])
2) Caṇḍālā (चण्डाला):—[from caṇḍāla] f. a Caṇḍāla woman, [Manu-smṛti xi, 176]
3) Candalā (चन्दला):—[from cand] f. Name of a woman (cf. dralā), [Rājataraṅgiṇī vii, 1122.]
4) Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल):—m. = caṇḍ ([Vedic or Veda] [Pāṇini 5-4, 36], [vArttika] 1), [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xxx, 21; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa xiv; Kauśika-sūtra; Manu-smṛti] etc.
5) the worst among (in [compound] [Manu-smṛti ix, 87; Mahābhārata xii f.]; [genitive case] [Cāṇakya])
1) Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):—[caṇḍā+la] (laḥ) 1. m. An outcaste.
2) Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल):—(laḥ) 1. m. A name of an impure or degraded tribe, outcaste.
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):—m. [Die Uṇādi-Affixe 1, 116.] ein Caṇḍāla; gehört zu der verachtetsten Schichte der menschlichen Gesellschaft und wird von Jedermann gemieden. Im System der Sohn eines Śūdra und einer Brāhmaṇī. [Amarakoṣa 2, 10, 20.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 897. 933.] [Lassen’s Indische Alterthumskunde I, 820.] śvacaṇḍālapatitavāyasebhyo nnaṃ bhūmau nikṣipet [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 4, 9.] [Śāṅkhāyana’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 2, 12. 6, 1.] [Chāndogyopaniṣad 5, 10, 7. 24, 4.] caṇḍālādyaiśca dasyubhiḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 131.] caṇḍālaścādhamo nṛṇām [10, 12. 16. 26. 37. fgg.] [51. 108. 11, 24. 12, 55.] [Mahābhārata 13, 1901.] [Rgva tch’er rol pa 22.] [WASSILJEW 182.] f. caṇḍālā [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 175.] caṇḍālī gaṇa śārṅgaravādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 73.] — Wohl von caṇḍa; vgl. cāṇḍāla .
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Candalā (चन्दला):—f. Nomen proprium eines Frauenzimmers [Rājataraṅgiṇī 7, 1122.] — Vgl. candralā .
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल):—[Die Uṇādi-Affixe 1, 116.]
1) m. = caṇḍāla [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 4, 36, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 1] (angeblich ved.), [Amarakoṣa 2, 10, 4. 20.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 10, 5.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 933,] [Scholiast] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 30, 21.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 14, 7, 1, 22.] grāme cāṇḍālasaṃyute [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 141.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 239. 4, 79.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 93.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 62, 24.] [Mṛcchakaṭikā 155, 24. 157, 1.] [Pañcatantra I, 183. III, 194.] [Hitopadeśa I, 55.] cāṇḍālamṛtapāḥ [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 4, 10,] [Scholiast] cāṇḍālī f. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 373.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 3, 12.] [Vetālapañcaviṃśati 10, 8.] brāhmaṇacāṇḍāla ein Cāṇḍāla unter den Brāhmaṇa, ein über Alles verächtlicher Brahmane [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 87] (nach [Kullūka] : = brāhmaṇyāṃ śūdrājjātaḥ). [Mahābhārata 12, 2874. 13, 2535.] —
2) adj. vom vorherg. oder von caṇḍālaḥ lī bhāṣā [Griechischen und Indoskythischen Könige, Institt. l. pr. 35 u.s.w.] —
3) f. ī Name einer Pflanze (s. liṅginī) [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):—, caṇḍālī f. unter dem kulāṣṭaka [Oxforder Handschriften 91,b,33.]
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल):—
1) brāhmaṇyāṃ śūdravīryeṇa patito jāradoṣataḥ . sadyo babhūva cāṇḍālaḥ sarvasmādadhamo śuciḥ .. [Oxforder Handschriften 21,b,27. fg.] tīvareṇa ca cāṇḍālyāṃ karmakāro babhūva ha [28. fg. Z. 5. fg.] [Vetālapañcaviṃśati 10, 8] wird ein Frauenzimmer am ersten Tage der monatlichen Reinigung cāṇḍālī genannt. Cāṇḍāla so v. a. der Verworfenste unter seines Gleichen: pakṣiṇāṃ kākaścāṇḍālaḥ paśūnāṃ caiva kukkuraḥ . munīnāṃ kopī cāṇḍālaḥ [Spr. 4485.] —
2) [Sāhityadarpana 173,8.] [Oxforder Handschriften 181,a,29.]
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):——
1) m. ein Mann der verachtetsten Schichte der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Im System der Sohn eines Śūdra und einer Brāhmaṇī. Am Ende eines Comp. so v.a. ein Taugenichts von [Kād. (1872) 158,1.] f. ā und ī. —
2) *f. ī eine best. Pflanze [Rājan 3,34.]
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Candalā (चन्दला):—f. ein Frauenname.
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Cāṇḍāla (चाण्डाल):——
1) m. = caṇḍāla Mit einem Gen. Pl. oder am Ende eines Comp. so v.a. der Verworfenste unter. —
2) f. lī — a) f. zu 1). Auch als Bez. eines Frauenzimmers am ersten Tage der Katamenien. — b) *eine best. Pflanze. —
3) Adj. (f. ī) dem Cāṇdāla
1) eigen.
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Caṃḍāla.
Caṇḍāla (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 擔死人種 [dān sǐ rén zhǒng]: “the tribe that carries dead bodies (as business)”..
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
1) Caṃḍāla (चंडाल) [Also spelled chandal]:—(nm) a sub-caste amongst the shudras taken to be the lowest in the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy; (a) low-born; wretched, wicked, depraved; cruel.
2) Cāṃḍāla (चांडाल) [Also spelled chandal]:—(nm)see [caṃḍāla]; —[caukaḍī] a swindling/nuisance making quartet/foursome.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Caṃḍāla (चंडाल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Caṇḍāla.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Caṃḍāla (ಚಂಡಾಲ):—
1) [noun] an offspring of śudra man from a brāhmaṇa woman.
2) [noun] a man belonging to the lowest social class of the society.
3) [noun] this class itself.
4) [noun] a man of highly wicked , heinous character.
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Caṃḍāḷa (ಚಂಡಾಳ):—
1) [noun] = ಚಂಡಾಲ [camdala].
2) [noun] ಚಂಡಾಳ ಚೌಕಳಿ [camdala caukali] caṇḍāḷa caukaḷi (fig.) a group of evil-minded people.
--- OR ---
Caṃdaḷa (ಚಂದಳ):—[noun] the palm that is red or pink.
--- OR ---
Cāṃḍāla (ಚಾಂಡಾಲ):—[noun] a general name for a man of the lowest and most despised of the mixed castes originating from a śudra father and a brāhmaṇa mother; a man engaged or habitually engages, in wicked, cruel deeds.
--- OR ---
Cāṃḍāḷa (ಚಾಂಡಾಳ):—[noun] = ಚಾಂಡಾಲ [camdala].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल):—n. 1. a man from a low and despised caste, Chandal; 2. cruel or wicked person;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Cadi, A la, Ala, Canda, Candala, Na.
Starts with (+18): Candalabhasa, Candalacandra, Candalacaukadi, Candaladasi, Candaladasiputta, Candaladevi, Candaladikula, Candaladinicakula, Candaladisabhava, Candalagabbha, Candalagama, Candalageha, Candalagotta, Candalajati, Candalakamma, Candalakanda, Candalakula, Candalakulasahassa, Candalakumaraka, Candalanucchavika.
Full-text (+267): Candali, Brahmanacandala, Candalavallaki, Karmacandala, Candalata, Candalajati, Upasakacandala, Candalakula, Candalakanda, Candalakumaraka, Sarvacandala, Divakirti, Antyavasayin, Svacandala, Candalatva, Upakacandala, Candalaka, Candalagama, Chavacandala, Chavakacandala.
Relevant text
Search found 172 books and stories containing Candala, Caṇḍāla, Caṇḍaḷa, Caṇḍala, Cāṇḍāḷa, Cāṇḍāla, Cāndalā, Caṇḍālā, Candalā, Camdala, Caṃḍāla, Caṃḍāḷa, Caṇḍāḷa, Caṃdaḷa, Candaḷa, Cāṃḍāla, Cāṃḍāḷa, Candala-na, Caṇḍāla-ṇa, Canda-ala, Caṇḍa-ala, Cadi-ala, Caḍi-ala; (plurals include: Candalas, Caṇḍālas, Caṇḍaḷas, Caṇḍalas, Cāṇḍāḷas, Cāṇḍālas, Cāndalās, Caṇḍālās, Candalās, Camdalas, Caṃḍālas, Caṃḍāḷas, Caṇḍāḷas, Caṃdaḷas, Candaḷas, Cāṃḍālas, Cāṃḍāḷas, nas, ṇas, alas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Verse 1.93 < [Chapter 4 - Of the distinction of Varṇa (Class) and Jāti (Caste)]
Verse 1.193 < [Chapter 8 - On the purification of Things]
Verse 1.127 < [Chapter 5 - Duties of a Householder (Gṛhin)]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 3.2b - Untouchability < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 5.18 - Laws on Sāhasa (Robbery and Violence) < [Chapter 5 - Modern Indian Laws reflected from the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 599 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 1]
Page 659 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 628 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 1]
Yasastilaka and Indian culture (Study) (by Krishna Kanta Jandiqui)
Chapter 2.3 - Summary of Yasastilaka, Book 3
Chapter 16 - Jain religious and moral stories
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 2: Marriage of Pradyumna < [Chapter VII - Marriages of Śāmba and Pradyumna]
Part 11: Origin of Dhūmaketu’s enmity < [Chapter VI - Marriage of Kṛṣṇa with Rukmiṇī and others]
Part 13: Sermon on the four gatis: humans < [Chapter IV - Padmaprabhacaritra]
Vasudevahindi (cultural history) (by A. P. Jamkhedkar)
7. The Candalas and Other Despised Classes < [Chapter 3 - Social Conditions]
28. Crime and Punishment (in ancient India) < [Chapter 2 - Political conditions]
11. Food in Jainism < [Chapter 5 - Religion and Philosophy]