The Sanskrit terms Aiśāna and Aiśana can be transliterated into English as Aisana or Aishana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva

Aiśāna (ऐशान) or Aiśānāgama refers to one of upāgamas (supplementary scriptures) of the Aṃśumāgama which is one of the twenty-eight Siddhāntāgama: a classification of the Śaiva division of Śaivāgamas. The Śaivāgamas represent the wisdom that has come down from lord Śiva, received by Pārvatī and accepted by Viṣṇu. The purpose of revealing upāgamas (e.g., Aiśāna Āgama) is to explain more elaborately than that of mūlāgamas (e.g., Aṃśumān-āgama) and to include any new idea if not dealt in mūlāgamas.

Aiśana (ऐशन) or Aiśanāgama also refers to one of upāgamas (supplementary scriptures) of the Śarvoktāgama.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Jainism

Aiśāna (ऐशान) refers to a heavenly abode (kalpa) inhabited by Kalpopapanna gods, according to Jain cosmological texts in both the Śvetāmbara and Digambara tradition. The Kalpopapannas (‘those born in the heavens’) represent a sub-species of the Vaimānika gods, which in turn represents the fourth main classification of devas (gods). This kalpa is also known as Aiśānakalpa. In this specific kalpa, bodily coition is still performed and the associated leśyā is fiery. There are ten such kalpas being ruled over by sixty-four Indras (heavenly kings).

In Jain iconography, the associated animal symbol of the Aiśāna-kalpa is a buffalo (prakrit: mahisa, sanskrit: mahiṣa). These animals are depicted in a cosmological text of the Śvetāmbara tradition known as the Saṃgrahaṇīratna (“jewel of the compilation”), also known as the Trailokyadīpikā (“illumination of the triple world”), written by Śrīcandra in the 12th century.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Aiśāna (ऐशान) is another name for the Īśāna celestial heaven, as described in chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 4: The celestial beings (deva)

Aiśāna (ऐशान) refers to one of the sixteen heavens (kalpa) hosting the sixteen classes of empyrean celestial beings (vaimānika), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 4.19. The living beings residing in the vimānas are called the empyrean gods (vaimānika) and represents one of the four classes of Devas.

Why the second heaven is called Aiśāna? There is a council chamber named Īśāna in the second heaven. The place that has this chamber in it is called Aiśāna kalpa. Why is the lord of Aiśāna kalpa called Aiśāna indra? Because of his association with Aiśāna kalpa, he is called Aiśāna indra. What is the number of layers in Saudharma and Aiśāna heavens? There are thirty one layers there. Which thought-colourations are there in Saudharma and Aiśāna gods? They have yellow thought-colouration. What is the minimum lifespan of deities in Saudharma and Aiśāna kalpas? It is slightly more than one pit-measured-period (kalya) in both.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Aiśāna (ऐशान).—a. [īśāna-aṇ]

1) Belonging to Śiva;

-nī 1 The north-eastern direction.

2) Name of Durgā.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Aiśāna (ऐशान).—[feminine] ī the same + north-eastern; [feminine] ī (sc. diś) the north-east (Śiva’s quarter).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Aiśāna (ऐशान):—mf(ī)n. ([from] īśāna), relating to or coming from Śiva, [Rāmatāpanīya-upaniṣad; Vikramorvaśī]

2) belonging to Śiva’s quarter, north-eastern, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

[Sanskrit to German]

Aishana in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with: Aishanaja, Aishanakalpa.

Ends with: Anujnaishana, Anujnanaishana, Dvaishana, Grasaishana, Lokaishana, Phaishana, Pindaishana, Putraishana, Traishana, Vitaishana, Vittaishana.

Full-text: Aishani, Aishanaja, Saudharma, Dridhadharma, Indrasamanika, Aishanakalpa, Kalpa, Siddhacarya, Bidaujas, Sharvoktagama, Amshumadagama, Kalpopapanna, Vayu.

Relevant text

Search found 3 books and stories containing Aishana, Aiśāna, Aisana, Aiśana; (plurals include: Aishanas, Aiśānas, Aisanas, Aiśanas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)

Verse 4.33 - The minimum lifetime in Saudharma and Aiśāna kalpa < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]

Verse 4.19 - The sixteen Kalpa, nine Graiveyaka and five Anuttara < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]

Verse 4.29 - Lifetime in the first two Kalpa among the heavenly beings < [Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings]

+ 5 more chapters / show preview

Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)

Part 32: Description of the Upper World (ūrdhvaloka) < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]

Part 9: Various unimportant incarnations < [Chapter I - Previous births of Mahāvīra]

Part 8: Birth-ceremonies presided over by Śakra < [Chapter II - Birth of Ajita and Sagara]

+ 4 more chapters / show preview

Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti) (by K. C. Lalwani)

Part 12 - On celestial positions < [Chapter 2]

Part 1 - On cells in the hells < [Chapter 5]

show preview