Dhammapada (Illustrated)

by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero | 1993 | 341,201 words | ISBN-10: 9810049382 | ISBN-13: 9789810049386

This page describes The Story of King Pasenadi of Kosala which is verse 204 of the English translation of the Dhammapada which forms a part of the Sutta Pitaka of the Buddhist canon of literature. Presenting the fundamental basics of the Buddhist way of life, the Dhammapada is a collection of 423 stanzas. This verse 204 is part of the Sukha Vagga (Happiness) and the moral of the story is “Good health is the best gain. Contentment is the best wealth. In Nibbana, the highest bliss”.

Verse 204 - The Story of King Pasenadi of Kosala

Pali text, illustration and English translation of Dhammapada verse 204:

ārogyaparamā lābhā santuṭṭhiparamaṃ dhanaṃ |
vissāsaparamā ñātī nibbāṇaṃ paramaṃ sukhaṃ || 204 ||

204. Health’s the greatest gain, contentment, best of wealth, trusting’s best of kin, Nibbāna bliss supreme.

Four Supreme Acquisitions‌‌
Good health is the best gain. Contentment is the best wealth. In Nibbāna, the highest bliss.

The Story of King Pasenadi of Kosala

While residing at the Jetavana Monastery, the Buddha spoke this verse with reference to King Pasenadi of Kosala. For at a certain period of his life King Pasenadi Kosala used to eat boiled rice cooked by the bucketful, and sauce and curry in proportion. One day after he had eaten his breakfast, unable to shake off the drowsiness occasioned by over-eating, he went to see the Buddha and paced back and forth before him with a very weary appearance. Overcome with a desire to sleep, but not daring to lie down and stretch himself out, he sat down on one side. Thereupon the Buddha said to him, “Did you come, great king, before you were well rested?” “Oh no, Venerable; but I always suffer greatly after eating a meal.”

Then said the Buddha to him, “Great king, over-eating just brings such suffering.” So saying, the Buddha gave the following stanza: “If a man gives way to indolence, eats too much, spends his time in sleep, and lies and rolls about like a great hog fed on grain, such a simpleton will endlessly be reborn.” After admonishing the king with this stanza, the Buddha continued, “Great king, one ought to observe moderation in eating, for in moderate eating there is comfort.” And admonishing him further, the Buddha gave the following stanza: “If a man be ever mindful, if he observe moderation in taking food, his sufferings will be but slight; he will grow old slowly, preserving his life.”

The king was unable to memorize this stanza. So the Buddha said to the king’s nephew, Prince Sudassana, who stood near, “Memorize this stanza.” Sudassana asked the Buddha, “Venerable, after I have memorized this stanza, what shall I do with it?” The Buddha replied, “When the king eats his meal, just as he is about to take the last lump of boiled rice, you must recite this stanza. The king will understand its purport and will immediately throw away that lump of rice. When it is time to boil the rice for the king’s next meal, you must fetch just as many grains of fresh rice as there were grains of boiled rice in that lump of rice.” “Very well, Venerable,” replied Sudassana. So both evening and morning, when the king ate his meal, his nephew would recite the stanza just as the king was about to take the last lump of boiled rice, and would fetch for his next meal just as many grains of fresh rice as there were grains of boiled rice in the lump of boiled rice which the king had thrown away. And every time the king heard that stanza recited, he gave away a thousand pieces of money in alms. The king contented himself with a pint-pot of boiled rice a day, never exceeding that amount. After a time he became cheerful and lean.

One day the king went to pay his respects to the Buddha, and having saluted the Buddha, said to him, “Venerable, now I am happy. Once more I am able to follow the chase and to catch wild beasts and horses. I used to quarrel with my nephew. But recently, however, I gave my nephew my daughter, the Princess Vajirā, to wife. I have given her this village, that she may have a pool wherein to bathe. My quarrels with my nephew have ceased, and for this reason also I am happy. The other day a precious stone, the property of the royal household was lost; this has but recently returned to my hand, and for this reason also I am happy. Desiring to establish friendly relations with your disciples, I established the daughter of one of your kinsmen in our household, and for this reason also I am happy.” The Buddha replied, “Great king, health is the greatest blessing one can ask for, contentment with whatever one has received is the greatest wealth, confidence the best relative. But there is no happiness that can be compared with Nibbāna.”

Explanation Translation (Verse 204)

lābhā ārogyaparamā dhanaṃ santutthi paramaṃ
ñātī vissāsaparaṃā nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukhaṃ

lābhā: of all acquisitions; ārogyaparamā: good health is the foremost; dhanaṃ [dhana]: of all wealth; santutthi paramaṃ [parama]: happiness is the greatest; ñātī: of all relations; vissāsaparaṃā: the trustworthy are the best; nibbānaṃ [nibbāna]: deathlessness; paramaṃ sukhaṃ [sukha]: is the highest bliss

Of acquisitions, good health is the foremost. Of wealth, the greatest is peace of mind. Of kinsmen, the trustworthy are the supreme. The highest bliss is Nibbāna.

Commentary and exegetical material (Verse 204)

vissāsā paramā ñātī: the trustworthy are the greatest relatives. Relatives are generally the most trusted. Relationships stand in the foundation of trust. The traditional commentary has this to say Mātā vā hotu pitātena saddhim vissāso natthi, yena aññatakena pana saddhim vissāso atthi so asambandhopi paramo uttamo ñātī. If one has no trust even in one’s mother, father or other relatives, they are not relatives in reality. But, on the other hand, if one can place one’s trust in someone who may not be related, he is truly a great relation. Trust implies agreement, intimacy, and confidence. As it is difficult at times to fathom the motives of some people and, as some are vicious, trust placed in those types of person–whether related or unrelated–is likely to bring about evil results on one. This way, it is difficult to come upon a person who could be implicitly trusted, Good results ensue from true and genuine trust. There are three things that are conducive to one’s downfall: Lobha pramāda vishvāsna purusho nashayate thribhi: tasmā lobho nakartavyam pramādo na vishvaset. The three things that bring about man’s downfall are miserliness, slothfulness and wrong trust.

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