Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.1.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सोम॑स्य मा त॒वसं॒ वक्ष्य॑ग्ने॒ वह्निं॑ चकर्थ वि॒दथे॒ यज॑ध्यै । दे॒वाँ अच्छा॒ दीद्य॑द्यु॒ञ्जे अद्रिं॑ शमा॒ये अ॑ग्ने त॒न्वं॑ जुषस्व ॥
सोमस्य मा तवसं वक्ष्यग्ने वह्निं चकर्थ विदथे यजध्यै । देवाँ अच्छा दीद्यद्युञ्जे अद्रिं शमाये अग्ने तन्वं जुषस्व ॥
somasya mā tavasaṃ vakṣy agne vahniṃ cakartha vidathe yajadhyai | devām̐ acchā dīdyad yuñje adriṃ śamāye agne tanvaṃ juṣasva ||
English translation:
“Render me vigorous, Agni, since you have made me the bearer of the Soma to offer it in the sacrifice; honouring the gods who are present, I take hold of the stone (to express Soma); I propitiate them; do you, Agni, protect my person n.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Viśvāmitra was a kṣatriya, of royal or military profession, and was also a monarch for some time; he descended from Kuśa or the lunar lineage and was the ancestor of many royal and saintly person ns, who, like himself, were called after their common ancestor, Kuśikas, or Kauśikas. By the force of his austerities, he compelled Brahmā to admit into the Brāhmaṇa order. He sought this position to be equated with Vasiṣṭha, which whom he had disputed earlier. The circumstances of his dispute with Vasiṣṭha are detailed in the Rāmāyaṇa; the legend is also told in the Mahābhārata, Vāyu, Viṣṇu and Bhāgavata Purāṇas. Viśvāmitra and Vasiṣṭha had the patronage of hostile princes; but both had friendly relations with the royal family of Ayodhyā, or King Daśaratha and his son, Rāma
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सोम॑स्य । मा॒ । त॒वसम् । वक्षि॑ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । वह्नि॑म् । च॒क॒र्थ॒ । वि॒दथे॑ । यज॑ध्यै । दे॒वान् । अच्छ॑ । दीद्य॑त् । यु॒ञ्जे । अद्रि॑म् । श॒म्ऽआ॒ये । अ॒ग्ने॒ । त॒न्व॑म् । जु॒ष॒स्व॒ ॥
सोमस्य । मा । तवसम् । वक्षि । अग्ने । वह्निम् । चकर्थ । विदथे । यजध्यै । देवान् । अच्छ । दीद्यत् । युञ्जे । अद्रिम् । शम्आये । अग्ने । तन्वम् । जुषस्व ॥
somasya | mā | tavasam | vakṣi | agne | vahnim | cakartha | vidathe | yajadhyai | devān | accha | dīdyat | yuñje | adrim | śam-āye | agne | tanvam | juṣasva
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.1.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“strong; energetic.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“meeting; wisdom; council.”
[verb noun]
“sacrifice; worship; worship.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“towards; accha [prefix].”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“shine; glitter.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“body; self; own(a); person; form.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”