Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.164.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य वा॒मस्य॑ पलि॒तस्य॒ होतु॒स्तस्य॒ भ्राता॑ मध्य॒मो अ॒स्त्यश्न॑: । तृ॒तीयो॒ भ्राता॑ घृ॒तपृ॑ष्ठो अ॒स्यात्रा॑पश्यं वि॒श्पतिं॑ स॒प्तपु॑त्रम् ॥
अस्य वामस्य पलितस्य होतुस्तस्य भ्राता मध्यमो अस्त्यश्नः । तृतीयो भ्राता घृतपृष्ठो अस्यात्रापश्यं विश्पतिं सप्तपुत्रम् ॥
asya vāmasya palitasya hotus tasya bhrātā madhyamo asty aśnaḥ | tṛtīyo bhrātā ghṛtapṛṣṭho asyātrāpaśyaṃ viśpatiṃ saptaputram ||

English translation:

“I have beheld the Lord of men with seven sons; of which delightful and benevolent (deity), who is the object of our invocation, there is an all-pervading middle brother, and a third brother, well fed with (oblations of) ghee.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Seven sons: seven solar rays; Āditya, the seventh son of Aditi; a third brother: V_yu and Agni, the younger brothers of Āditya: Parameśvara = Āditya, the three sons refer to the attributes of Parameśvara of creating, preserving and destroying; The sūkta enunciates the doctrines of vedānta, the spiritual unity of Brahmā and the universe; Āditya or the sun, is glorified and identified with all creation. Śaunaka explains the sūkta at the level of repentance for a crime: if a brāhmaṇa has committed theft, he may expiate the offence by fasting three nights and repeating the sūkta silently

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

 

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य । वा॒मस्य॑ । प॒लि॒तस्य॑ । होतुः॑ । तस्य॑ । भ्राता॑ । म॒ध्य॒मः । अ॒स्ति॒ । अश्नः॑ । तृ॒तीयः॑ । भ्राता॑ । घृ॒तऽपृ॑ष्ठः । अ॒स्य॒ । अत्र॑ । अ॒प॒श्य॒म् । वि॒श्पति॑म् । स॒प्तऽपु॑त्रम् ॥
अस्य । वामस्य । पलितस्य । होतुः । तस्य । भ्राता । मध्यमः । अस्ति । अश्नः । तृतीयः । भ्राता । घृतपृष्ठः । अस्य । अत्र । अपश्यम् । विश्पतिम् । सप्तपुत्रम् ॥
asya | vāmasya | palitasya | hotuḥ | tasya | bhrātā | madhyamaḥ | asti | aśnaḥ | tṛtīyaḥ | bhrātā | ghṛta-pṛṣṭhaḥ | asya | atra | apasyam | viśpatim | sapta-putram

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.164.1 English analysis of grammar]

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

vāmasya < vāma

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“agreeable; vāma [word]; beautiful.”

palitasya < palita

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“gray; pale; palita [word].”

hotus < hotuḥ < hotṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

tasya < tad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

bhrātā < bhrātṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“brother; bhrātṛ; relative.”

madhyamo < madhyamaḥ < madhyama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“intermediate; middle; average; second; average; adult; central; moderate; mean; center(a).”

asty < asti < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

aśnaḥ < aśna

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

tṛtīyo < tṛtīyaḥ < tṛtīya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“third; neuter; tṛtīya [word]; homosexual.”

bhrātā < bhrātṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“brother; bhrātṛ; relative.”

ghṛtapṛṣṭho < ghṛta

[noun], neuter

“ghee; fat.”

ghṛtapṛṣṭho < pṛṣṭhaḥ < pṛṣṭha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

asyātrāpaśyaṃ < asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

asyātrāpaśyaṃ < atra

[adverb]

“now; there; then; then; there; here; here; in the following; alternatively; now.”

asyātrāpaśyaṃ < apaśyam < paś

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

viśpatiṃ < viśpatim < viśpati

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“overlord; head.”

saptaputram < sapta < saptan

[noun]

“seven; seventh.”

saptaputram < putram < putra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”

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