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Mahabharata [sanskrit]
699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944
The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).
Verse 12.83.40
अग्निना तामसं दुर्गं नौभिराप्यं च गम्यते ।
राजदुर्गावतरणे नोपायं पण्डिता विदुः ॥ ४० ॥
agninā tāmasaṃ durgaṃ naubhirāpyaṃ ca gamyate |
rājadurgāvataraṇe nopāyaṃ paṇḍitā viduḥ || 40 ||
Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.
...said to fall away from the duties of Kshatriyas. From ministers that have once been chastised, from women in especial, from mountains and inaccessible regions, from elephants and horses and reptiles, the king...
English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (12.83.40). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Agni, Tamasa, Durga, Nau, Apya, Api, Gamyata, Rajat, Gava, Tarana, Tarani, Nri, Upaya, Pandita, Vidu, Vidus,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 12.83.40). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “agninā tāmasaṃ durgaṃ naubhirāpyaṃ ca gamyate ”
- agninā -
-
agni (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]
- tāmasam -
-
tāmasa (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]tāmasa (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
- durgam -
-
durga (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]durga (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]durgā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- naubhir -
-
nau (noun, feminine)[instrumental plural]
- āpyam -
-
āpya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]āpya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]āpyā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√āp -> āpya (participle, masculine)[adverb from √āp]√āp -> āpya (participle, neuter)[adverb from √āp]√āp -> āpyā (participle, feminine)[adverb from √āp]√i -> āpya (participle, masculine)[adverb from √i]√i -> āpya (participle, neuter)[adverb from √i]√i -> āpyā (participle, feminine)[adverb from √i]āpī (noun, masculine)[accusative single]√āp -> āpya (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √āp]√āp -> āpya (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √āp], [accusative single from √āp]√i -> āpya (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √i]√i -> āpya (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √i], [accusative single from √i]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- gamyate -
-
gamyatā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]√gam (verb class 1)[present passive third single]√gam (verb class 2)[present passive third single]√gam (verb class 3)[present passive third single]√gam (verb class 0)[present passive third single]
- Line 2: “rājadurgāvataraṇe nopāyaṃ paṇḍitā viduḥ ”
- rājad -
-
√rāj -> rājat (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [vocative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [accusative single from √rāj class 1 verb]
- ur -
-
u (noun, masculine)[nominative single]ṛ (noun, feminine)[ablative single], [genitive single]ṛ (noun, masculine)[ablative single], [genitive single]
- gāva -
-
gāva (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]gāva (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√gā (verb class 2)[imperative active first dual], [injunctive active first dual]√gā (verb class 3)[injunctive active first dual]√gā (verb class 2)[imperative active first dual]
- taraṇe -
-
taraṇa (noun, masculine)[locative single]taraṇa (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]taraṇi (noun, masculine)[vocative single]taraṇi (noun, feminine)[vocative single]
- no -
-
na (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]na (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]na (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]nā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]nṛ (noun, masculine)[nominative single]nu (noun, masculine)[vocative single]
- upāyam -
-
upāya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]upāyā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- paṇḍitā* -
-
paṇḍita (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]paṇḍitā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]√paṇḍ -> paṇḍita (participle, masculine)[nominative plural from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √paṇḍ class 10 verb], [vocative plural from √paṇḍ class 10 verb]√paṇḍ -> paṇḍitā (participle, feminine)[nominative plural from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √paṇḍ class 10 verb], [vocative plural from √paṇḍ class 10 verb], [accusative plural from √paṇḍ class 10 verb]
- viduḥ -
-
vidus (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]vidus (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]vidu (noun, masculine)[nominative single]vidu (noun, feminine)[nominative single]√vid (verb class 2)[perfect active third plural]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 12.83.40
The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)
4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: 812150094X or 9788121500944;
Buy now!
The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)
ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;
Buy now!Preview of verse 12.83.40 in Kannada sript:
ಅಗ್ನಿನಾ ತಾಮಸಂ ದುರ್ಗಂ ನೌಭಿರಾಪ್ಯಂ ಚ ಗಮ್ಯತೇ ।
ರಾಜದುರ್ಗಾವತರಣೇ ನೋಪಾಯಂ ಪಣ್ಡಿತಾ ವಿದುಃ ॥ ೪೦ ॥
The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)
6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]
Buy now!
Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)
7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.
Buy now!
The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)
3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]
Buy now!Preview of verse 12.83.40 in Bengali sript:
অগ্নিনা তামসং দুর্গং নৌভিরাপ্যং চ গম্যতে ।
রাজদুর্গাবতরণে নোপাযং পণ্ডিতা বিদুঃ ॥ ৪০ ॥
Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)
14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]
Buy now!Preview of verse 12.83.40 in Gujarati sript:
અગ્નિના તામસં દુર્ગં નૌભિરાપ્યં ચ ગમ્યતે ।
રાજદુર્ગાવતરણે નોપાયં પણ્ડિતા વિદુઃ ॥ ૪૦ ॥
Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)
1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]
Buy now!Preview of verse 12.83.40 in Malayalam sript:
അഗ്നിനാ താമസം ദുര്ഗം നൌഭിരാപ്യം ച ഗമ്യതേ ।
രാജദുര്ഗാവതരണേ നോപായം പണ്ഡിതാ വിദുഃ ॥ ൪൦ ॥
Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)
7248pages
Buy now!Preview of verse 12.83.40 in Telugu sript:
అగ్నినా తామసం దుర్గం నౌభిరాప్యం చ గమ్యతే ।
రాజదుర్గావతరణే నోపాయం పణ్డితా విదుః ॥ ౪౦ ॥