Pushkala, Puṣkala, Puṣkalā: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Pushkala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Puṣkala and Puṣkalā can be transliterated into English as Puskala or Pushkala, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Pushkal.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Puṣkala (पुष्कल).—A valiant soldier who fought on the side of Rāvaṇa. Hanūmān fought against this soldier fiercely. (Bhāga 2, Padma Purāṇa).
2) Puṣkala (पुष्कल).—The youngest son of Bharata, son of Daśaratha. Māṇḍavī was the mother of Puṣkala. (Chapter 88, Vāyu Purāṇa; Chapter 6, Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa; Chapter 4, Viṣṇu Purāṇa; Chapter 11, Agni Purāṇa).
2) Details available about Puṣkala from Padma Purāṇa and Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa are the following:
2) Puṣkala was with Śatrughna when the latter served as the guardian of the horse in all the three aśvamedhayāgas conducted by Śrī Rāma. (Padma Purāṇa, Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapters 1 and 22).
2) He defeated Damana, son of Subāhu, while he was following the sacrificial horse. (Padma Purāṇa, Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapter 34).
2) He fought fiercely against the demons, Vidyunmālī and Ugradaṃṣṭra. (Padma Purāṇa. Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapter 34).
2) He fought against Rukmāṅgada and Vīramaṇi. (Padma Purāṇa, Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapter 41).
2) He was defeated by Lava who checked the progress of the sacrificial horse. (Padma Purāṇa, Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapter 61).
2) Puṣkala conquered the country of Gāndhāra and built there a city called Puṣkalāvatī alias Puṣkalāvata and made it his capital city. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Uttara Kāṇḍa).
2) His wife’s name was Kāntimatī. (Padma Purāṇa, Pātāla Khaṇḍa, Chapter 67).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Puṣkala (पुष्कल).—A son of Bharata.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 11. 12; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 4. 104.
1b) The Kṣatriya caste of Krauñcadvīpa.*
- * Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 4. 53.
2a) Puṣkalā (पुष्कला).—A group of clouds.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 28. 63.
2b) R. of the Ketumālā continent.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 44. 20.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstraPuṣkala (पुष्कल, “abundance”) refers to one of the twelve effects of āya (“profit”), according to the Mānasāra. Āya is the first of the āyādiṣaḍvarga, or “six principles” that constitute the “horoscope” of an architectural or iconographic object. Their application is intended to “verify” the measurements of the architectural and iconographic object against the dictates of astrology that lay out the conditions of auspiciousness.
The particular āya (e.g., puṣkala) of all architectural and iconographic objects (settlement, building, image) must be calculated and ascertained. This process is based on the principle of the remainder. An arithmetical formula to be used in each case is stipulated, which engages one of the basic dimensions of the object (breadth, length, or perimeter/circumference). The twelve effects of āya may all be assumed as auspicious.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra1) Puṣkala (पुष्कल) or Puṣkalapāla is the son of king Vajrasena, according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly, “Knowing that Vajrajaṅgha was a suitable person, King Svarṇajaṅgha installed him in power and took initiation. Vajrasena also bestowed his sovereignty on his son Puṣkalapāla [i.e., Puṣkala] and became a mendicant”.
2) Puṣkala (पुष्कल) is the name of a northern province situated in East-Videha in Jambūdvīpa which is situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.2.—Accordingly, “[...] Between them (i.e., the Vidyutprabha and Saumanasa Mountains) are the bhogabhumis, the Devakurus. [...] Between them (i.e., the Gandhamādana and Mālyavat Mountains) are the very charming Uttarakurus [...] East of the Devakurus and Uttarakurus, they are called East Videhas, and to the west, West Videhas, like different countries to each other. In each, there are 16 provinces, inaccessible to each other, separated by rivers and mountains, suitable to be conquered by a Cakrin. [viz., Puṣkala, etc.] are the northern provinces of East Videha. [...]”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryPuṣkala.—(IE 8-6), a measure of capacity usually regarded as equal to sixtyfour handfuls. Note: puṣkala is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypuṣkala (पुष्कल).—a S pop. puṣkaḷa a Much, many, abundant, copious.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpuṣkala (पुष्कल).—a puṣkaḷa a Much, many, abund- ant, copious.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल).—a. [puṣ-kalac kicca; puṣkasidhmā° lac vā Tv.]
1) Much, copious, abundant; भक्षितेनापि भवता नाहारो मम पुष्कलः (bhakṣitenāpi bhavatā nāhāro mama puṣkalaḥ) H. 1.81; प्रजां प्राप्नोति पुष्कलाम् (prajāṃ prāpnoti puṣkalām) Manusmṛti 3.277; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.63.
2) Full, complete; स्तुवन्ति त्वां स्तुतिभिः पुष्कलाभिः (stuvanti tvāṃ stutibhiḥ puṣkalābhiḥ) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 11.21; आविरासीद्यथा प्राच्यां दिशीन्दुरिव पुष्कलः (āvirāsīdyathā prācyāṃ diśīnduriva puṣkalaḥ) Bhāgavata 1.3.8.
3) Rich, magnificent, splendid.
4) Excellent, best, eminent.
5) Near.
6) Loud, resonant, resounding.
-laḥ 1 A kind of drum.
2) An epithet of Śiva.
3) Of mount Meru.
-lam 1 A particular measure of capacity = 64 handfuls.
2) Alms to the extent of four morsels of food.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल).—mfn.
(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) 1. Excellent, eminent, chief, best. 2. Much, many 3. Full, filled, complete. 4. Near, approached. 5. Good, salutary. 6. Possessed of all good things. 7. Magnificent, splendid. 8. Resounding, resonant. n.
(-laṃ) The mountain Meru. m.
(-laḥ) 1. The holy place Pushkara. 2. The son of Varuna. 3. A measure of eight Kunchis or sixty-four handfuls; in some places it means four times a double handful. 4. Alms to the extent of four mouthfuls of food. E. puṣ to nourish, and kalac Unadi aff.; otherwise puṣkara as above, and la interchanged with ra.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल).— (= puṣkara, with l for r), I. adj., f. lā. 1. Excellent, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 81; best. 2. Good, salutary. 3. Much, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 71, 2 Gorr.; many, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 11, 21; with following na, More than, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 129. 4. Complete. 5. Loud, Mahābhārata 7, 578. Ii. m. A kind of drum, Mahābhārata 6, 1631. Iii. n. 1. A certain measure. 2. Alms to the extent of four mouthfuls of food. 3. The name of a holy place. 4. A proper name.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल).—[adjective] abundant, numerous, rich, splendid, resounding, loud; [masculine] a kind of drum, a man’s name; [neuter] the head of a ladle.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Puṣkala (पुष्कल):—[from puṣ] mf(ā)n. (cf. puṣka) much, many, numerous, copious, abundant, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] rich, magnificent, full, complete, strong, powerful, excellent, best, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
3) [v.s. ...] loud, resonant, resounding, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] purified, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] m. ([varia lectio] kara) a kind of drum, [Mahābhārata]
6) [v.s. ...] (in music) a Partic. stringed instrument
7) [v.s. ...] Name of Śiva, [Śivagītā, ascribed to the padma-purāṇa]
8) [v.s. ...] of a son of Varuṇa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] of an Asura, [Harivaṃśa]
10) [v.s. ...] of a Ṛṣi, [Catalogue(s)]
11) [v.s. ...] of a son of Bharata, [Rāmāyaṇa]
12) [v.s. ...] of a Buddha, [Lalita-vistara]
13) [v.s. ...] m. of a Tīrtha (rather n.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] Name of, people, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
15) [v.s. ...] of the military caste in Kuśadvīpa, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
16) [from puṣ] n. (ifc. f(ā). ) the bowl of a spoon, [Gṛhyāsaṃgraha] ([varia lectio] kara)
17) [v.s. ...] n. a [particular] measure of capacity (= 8 Kuñcis = 64 handfuls), [Āpastamba-śrauta-sūtra [Scholiast or Commentator]]
18) [v.s. ...] a [particular] weight of gold, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra [Scholiast or Commentator]]
19) [v.s. ...] alms to the extent of 4 mouthfuls of food, [Horace H. Wilson]
20) [v.s. ...] (rather m.) Name of mount Meru, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल):—[(laḥ-lā-laṃ) a.] Excellent, good, having all good; much; full; near. m. Name of a person, place, and measure. n. Mountain Meru.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Puṣkala (पुष्कल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pukkhala.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryPuṣkala (पुष्कल) [Also spelled pushkal]:—(a) plenty, abundant, in abundance; hence ~[tā] (nf).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPuṣkala (ಪುಷ್ಕಲ):—
1) [adjective] large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful; copious.
2) [adjective] excellent; superior.
--- OR ---
Puṣkala (ಪುಷ್ಕಲ):—
1) [noun] the quality or state of being abundant, plentiful or copious; copiousness.
2) [noun] an excellent man.
3) [noun] Śiva.
--- OR ---
Puṣkaḷa (ಪುಷ್ಕಳ):—[adjective] = ಪುಷ್ಕಲ [pushkala]1.
--- OR ---
Puṣkaḷa (ಪುಷ್ಕಳ):—[noun] = ಪುಷ್ಕಲ [pushkala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pushkalaka, Pushkalam, Pushkalamocana, Pushkalanga, Pushkalapala, Pushkalata, Pushkalavarta, Pushkalavartaka, Pushkalavartamahatmya, Pushkalavata, Pushkalavataka, Pushkalavati, Pushkalavijaya.
Ends with: Apushkala, Ekapushkala, Pushpapushkala, Supushkala.
Full-text (+44): Pushkalavata, Pukkhala, Paushkala, Paushkaleyaka, Pushkalavati, Supushkala, Paushkalya, Apushkala, Pushka, Pushkalamocana, Pushkalavijaya, Putkalatevi, Pushkali, Pushkalavarta, Samedhana, Pushkalavartamahatmya, Paushkalavata, Pushkalaka, Pushkalavartaka, Bajanem.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Pushkala, Puṣkala, Puṣkalā, Puskala, Puṣkaḷa; (plurals include: Pushkalas, Puṣkalas, Puṣkalās, Puskalas, Puṣkaḷas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 34 - Vidyunmālin Killed in Battle < [Section 5 - Pātāla-Khaṇḍa (Section on the Nether World)]
Chapter 42 - Vīramaṇi Is Defeated < [Section 5 - Pātāla-Khaṇḍa (Section on the Nether World)]
Chapter 51 - Hanūmat Frees Puṣkala from Campaka < [Section 5 - Pātāla-Khaṇḍa (Section on the Nether World)]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 12.36 < [Section VII - The Three Guṇas]
Verse 3.129 < [Section VIII - Śrāddhas]
Verse 3.277 < [Section XXII - Time for Śrāddha]
Ramayana of Valmiki (by Hari Prasad Shastri)
Chapter 101 - The slaying of the Gandharvas and the conquest of their Country < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]
Chapter 100 - Rama sends Bharata to conquer the Gandharvas < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 17: Previous births of Daśaratha < [Chapter IV - The, birth, marriage, and retreat to the forest of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa]
Part 23: Description of Jambūdvīpa < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
Part 14: Sixth incarnation as Vajrajaṅgha < [Chapter I]
Sanskrit sources of Kerala history (by Suma Parappattoli)
Appendix 2 - Kings of Musaka Dynasty—According to Musakavamsa
3. Mushakavamsa (or Mushika-vamsa) by Atula < [Chapter 3 - Historical Details from Mahakavyas]