Murala, Muralā: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Murala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Murala (मुरल)—Sanskrit word for a fish. This animal is from the group called Nādeya-matsya (‘fresh water fish’). Nādeya-matsya itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Ānupa (those that frequent marshy places).
The species of fish known as the Murala is constructive, tonic, spermatopoietic and galactagoguic.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Kavya (poetry)
Murala (मुरल) is the name of a kingdom that was conquered by Udayana (king of Vatsa) during his campaign to obtain sovereignty over the whole earth, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 19. Accordingly, “He no longer allowed the Muralas to exalt their heads, for they were completely beaten down by tributes imposed on them”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Murala, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Murala (मुरल) is another name for Kerala, now Malabar (Hall). Wilson identifies it with the Curula of Ptolemy.-Barnett, however, considers this very dubious— n.m.p.
Murala (मुरल) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—It is the region of southern India, which characterizes the complexion of the ladies of this country as black. Rājaśekhara does not identify it with Kerala, because Kerala is mentioned separately by him. Murala is a river in south India, which is different from the Narmadā. In the Raghuvaṃśa (IV. 53-55) Kālidāsa identified this river flowing near the Sahya mountain and the Aparantadeśa. The region lying between Kerala and Aparantaka near Sahya on the Murala, therefore be taken to be the present equivalent of the Murala country.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Murala (मुरल) is the name of an ancient kingdom, according to chapter 4.2 [vāsupūjya-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, as Vasupūjya and Jayā spoke to Vāsupūjya:—“All the existing kings, among men and the Vidyādharas, who are of good family, capable, heroic, wealthy, famous, possessing the fourfold army, known for guarding their subjects, free from blemish, faithful to engagements, always devoted to dharma, in Madhyadeśa, Vatsadeśa, [...] and other countries which are the ornaments of the eastern quarter; [... in the Muralas, ...] these now, son, beg us constantly through messengers, who are sent bearing valuable gifts, to give their daughters to you. [...]”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Murala (मुरल) is the name of a country included within Dakṣiṇapatha which was situated ahead of Māhiṣmatī according to Rājaśekhara (fl. 10th century) in his Kāvyamīmāṃsā (chapter 17). Dakṣiṇāpatha is a place-name ending is patha mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Murala in India is the name of a plant defined with Buchanania lanzan in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Buchanania latifolia Roxb..
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· J. Sci. Food Agric. (1977)
· Flora Indica (1832)
· Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (1963)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2000)
· Journal of Tree Sciences (1984)
· Taxon (1979)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Murala, for example diet and recipes, chemical composition, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Murala (मुरल).—
1) A kind of fresh-water fish.
2) A king of the Muralas.
-lāḥ pl. Name of a country.
Derivable forms: muralaḥ (मुरलः).
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Muralā (मुरला).—Name of a river rising in the country of the Keralas; (mentioned in Uttararāmacarita 3. along with tamasā); मुरला- मारुतोद्धूतमगमत् कैतकं रजः (muralā- mārutoddhūtamagamat kaitakaṃ rajaḥ) R.4.55.
Muralā (मुरला).—f.
(-lā) The Narmada river.
Muralā (मुरला).—f. The Narmadā river, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 50, 2.
Murala (मुरल).—[masculine] a cert. fish; [plural] [Name] of a people.
1) Murala (मुरल):—m. ([probably] [from] √3. mur) a species of fresh-water fish, [Suśruta]
2) a king of the Muralas, [Inscriptions]
3) [plural] Name of a people, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
4) Muralā (मुरला):—[from murala] f. Name of a river in the country of the Keralas (= murandalā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]), [Raghuvaṃśa] ([varia lectio] muracī), [Uttararāma-carita]
Muralā (मुरला):—(lā) 1. f. The Narmada river.
Murala (मुरल):—
1) m. a) ein best. Flussfisch [Suśruta 1, 206, 6. 14.] — b) pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Kathāsaritsāgara 19, 96.] [WILSON,] [Wilson II, 361.] muraleśa (Vīrasena) [Daśakumāracarita 193, 10.] sg. ein Fürst der Murala Inschr. in Journ. of the Am. Or. [S. 6, 504, Śloka 12.] muralāḥ = keralāḥ [HALL] in [Journ. of the Am. Or. S. 6, 527] angeblich nach dem [Scholiast] zu [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 961.] —
2) f. ā Nomen proprium eines Flusses im Lande der Kerala [Raghuvaṃśa 4, 55.] [UTTARARĀMAC. 37, 2. fgg.] = murandalā [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 2, 31.] —
3) f. ī Flöte [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma]
Murala (मुरल):——
1) m. — a) ein best. Flussfisch. — b) Pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes. — c) ein Fürst der Murala. —
2) f. ā Nomen proprium eines Flusses. —
3) f. ī Flöte.
Murala (मुरल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Murala.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Murala (मुरल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Murala.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Muralaccippi, Muralal.
Full-text (+0): Murandala, Muralaccippi, Murali, Muraci, Muralika, Virasena, Muraliprakasha, Muralidhara, Mural, Tantimenal, River, Mora, Muranem, Nadeya-matsya, Dakshinapatha.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Murala, Muralā, Muralas; (plurals include: Muralas, Muralās, Muralases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) (by Somadeva)
Chapter XIX < [Book III - Lāvānaka]
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 8a - Countries and cities (found in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita) < [Chapter IV - Socio-cultural study of the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Part 8 - Impact of previous poets upon Maṅkhaka < [Chapter III - Literary Assessment Of The Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Part 8.5 - Region of Dakṣiṇāpatha (southern part) < [Chapter 5 - Analyasis and Interpretations of the Kāvyamīmāṃsā]
Appendix 2 - Identification of Geographical names mentioned in the Kāvyamīmāṃsā
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
7(f): Personification Created by Painting in Portrait < [Chapter 5 - Painting and Image Making]
Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study) (by G. D. Jayalakshmi)
Origin and Development of Allegory in Sanskrit Literature and Drama < [Chapter 1 - Allegorical Plays in Sanskrit Literature]
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 274 - Origin of Duḥśīleśvara (Duḥśīla-īśvara) < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 2 - A List of Different Sacred Places of Śiva on the Earth < [Section 3b - Arunācala-khaṇḍa (Uttarārdha)]