Murala, Muralā: 14 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Murala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Sushruta samhita, Volume IMurala (मुरल)—Sanskrit word for a fish. This animal is from the group called Nādeya-matsya (‘fresh water fish’). Nādeya-matsya itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Ānupa (those that frequent marshy places).
The species of fish known as the Murala is constructive, tonic, spermatopoietic and galactagoguic.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: KathāsaritsāgaraMurala (मुरल) is the name of a kingdom that was conquered by Udayana (king of Vatsa) during his campaign to obtain sovereignty over the whole earth, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 19. Accordingly, “He no longer allowed the Muralas to exalt their heads, for they were completely beaten down by tributes imposed on them”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Murala, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Source: archive.org: The ocean of story, vol. 1Murala (मुरल) is another name for Kerala, now Malabar (Hall). Wilson identifies it with the Curula of Ptolemy.-Barnett, however, considers this very dubious— n.m.p.
Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyamimamsa of RajasekharaMurala (मुरल) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—It is the region of southern India, which characterizes the complexion of the ladies of this country as black. Rājaśekhara does not identify it with Kerala, because Kerala is mentioned separately by him. Murala is a river in south India, which is different from the Narmadā. In the Raghuvaṃśa (IV. 53-55) Kālidāsa identified this river flowing near the Sahya mountain and the Aparantadeśa. The region lying between Kerala and Aparantaka near Sahya on the Murala, therefore be taken to be the present equivalent of the Murala country.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraMurala (मुरल) is the name of an ancient kingdom, according to chapter 4.2 [vāsupūjya-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons”): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, as Vasupūjya and Jayā spoke to Vāsupūjya:—“All the existing kings, among men and the Vidyādharas, who are of good family, capable, heroic, wealthy, famous, possessing the fourfold army, known for guarding their subjects, free from blemish, faithful to engagements, always devoted to dharma, in Madhyadeśa, Vatsadeśa, [...] and other countries which are the ornaments of the eastern quarter; [... in the Muralas, ...] these now, son, beg us constantly through messengers, who are sent bearing valuable gifts, to give their daughters to you. [...]”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Wisdom Library: India HistoryMurala (मुरल) is the name of a country included within Dakṣiṇapatha which was situated ahead of Māhiṣmatī according to Rājaśekhara (fl. 10th century) in his Kāvyamīmāṃsā (chapter 17). Dakṣiṇāpatha is a place-name ending is patha mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMurala (मुरल).—
1) A kind of fresh-water fish.
2) A king of the Muralas.
-lāḥ pl. Name of a country.
Derivable forms: muralaḥ (मुरलः).
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Muralā (मुरला).—Name of a river rising in the country of the Keralas; (mentioned in U.3. along with tamasā); मुरला- मारुतोद्धूतमगमत् कैतकं रजः (muralā- mārutoddhūtamagamat kaitakaṃ rajaḥ) R.4.55.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMuralā (मुरला).—f.
(-lā) The Narmada river.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMuralā (मुरला).—f. The Narmadā river, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 50, 2.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMurala (मुरल).—[masculine] a cert. fish; [plural] [Name] of a people.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Murala (मुरल):—m. ([probably] [from] √3. mur) a species of fresh-water fish, [Suśruta]
2) a king of the Muralas, [Inscriptions]
3) [plural] Name of a people, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
4) Muralā (मुरला):—[from murala] f. Name of a river in the country of the Keralas (= murandalā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]), [Raghuvaṃśa] ([varia lectio] muracī), [Uttararāma-carita]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Full-text: Murandala, Muraci, Murali, Muralika, Muraliprakasha, Muralidhara, Virasena, Mora, Muranem, Nadeya-matsya, Dakshinapatha.
Relevant text
Search found 5 books and stories containing Murala, Muralā; (plurals include: Muralas, Muralās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 8a - Countries and cities (found in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita) < [Chapter IV - Socio-cultural study of the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Part 8 - Impact of previous poets upon Maṅkhaka < [Chapter III - Literary Assessment Of The Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) (by Somadeva)
Chapter XIX < [Book III - Lāvānaka]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 7: Refusal to marry < [Chapter II - Vāsupūjyacaritra]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 274 - Origin of Duḥśīleśvara (Duḥśīla-īśvara) < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 2 - A List of Different Sacred Places of Śiva on the Earth < [Section 3b - Arunācala-khaṇḍa (Uttarārdha)]
Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)