Kritrima, Kṛtrima, Kritrama: 18 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Kritrima means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Kṛtrima can be transliterated into English as Krtrima or Kritrima, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Kratrim.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Shodhganga: The Vyavaharadhyaya of the YajnavalkyasmritiKṛtrima (कृत्रिम) refers to one of the twelve types of sons (putra) defined in the Vyavahārādhyāya of the Yājñavalkyasmṛti verse 2.128-132.—Kṛtrima is a son, whom a man himself adopts or makes his son. It is explained that the son is adopted by the man himself, who being desirous of a male issue, entices by the show of money and land, either an orphan, or if parents are living, with their consent only.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraKṛtrima (सहज, “artificial”) is a variation of Silver (rajata), which is “obtained” from mercurial transformation, according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara: a 13th century Sanskrit book on Indian alchemy, or, Rasaśāstra. Silver itself is a metal (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Śuddhaloha.
Source: Indian Journal of History of Science: Rasaprakāśa-sudhākara, chapter 4-5Kṛtrima silver (artificial): It is prepared from the transformation of tin metal through the vedha-process of mercury. Such silver is known as Kṛtrima silver. That mean the silver obtained from the transformation of lower metals through the effect of mercury is considered as Kṛtrima (artificial) silver.
Rasashastra (रसशास्त्र, rasaśāstra) is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarKṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—Artificial; technical, as opposed to derivative. In grammar, the term कृत्रिम (kṛtrima) means 'technical sense', as contrasted with अकृत्रिम (akṛtrima) 'ordinary sense'; cf. कृत्रिमाकृत्रिमयोः कृत्रिमे कार्यसंप्रत्ययः (kṛtrimākṛtrimayoḥ kṛtrime kāryasaṃpratyayaḥ) Par. Śek. Pari. 9.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramKṛtrima (कृत्रिम) refers to “false objects” (viz., of enjoyment), according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, as the Goddess said: “In (this my) eighth birth having enjoyed pleasure (bhoga), with me, this is the debt that remains. We have mutually enjoyed the false object of enjoyment [i.e., kṛtrima—kṛtrimaṃ māyayā bhogyaṃ bhuktaṃ] as it is (in the world and created) by Māyā. In this, the eighth age of Māyā, there is no return anymore”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismKṛtrima (कृत्रिम), name for a type of durga (communal settlement in the form of a fort).
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—n (S) Falsity, guile, deceit.
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kṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—a (S) Made, factitious, artificial.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—n Guile, falsity. a Made, artificial.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—a. [kṛtyā nirmitam; cf. P.IV.4.2]
1) Artificial, fictitious, not spontaneous, acquired; °मित्रम्, °शत्रुः (mitram, °śatruḥ) &c.; न स्यन्दनैस्तुलितकृत्रिमभक्तिशोभाः (na syandanaistulitakṛtrimabhaktiśobhāḥ) R.13.75;14.17.
2) Adopted (as a child); see below.
3) Adorned, ornamented; तदप्रमेयप्रतिकारकृत्रिमं कृतं स्वयं साध्विति विश्वकर्मणा (tadaprameyapratikārakṛtrimaṃ kṛtaṃ svayaṃ sādhviti viśvakarmaṇā) Rām.5.8.2.
-maḥ, °putraḥ an artificial or adopted son; one of the 12 kinds of sons recognised by the Hindu law; he is a grown up son adopted without the consent of his natural parents; °putrikā adopted daughter; अद्यैव नर्मणा सा हि कृतकृत्रिमपुत्रिका (adyaiva narmaṇā sā hi kṛtakṛtrimaputrikā) Ks.24.29; cf. कृत्रिमः स्यात्स्वयं कृतः (kṛtrimaḥ syātsvayaṃ kṛtaḥ) Y.2.131; cf. also Ms.9.169.
2) Incense. olibanum.
3) Benzoin.
-mam 1 A kind of salt.
2) A kind of perfume.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—mfn.
(-maḥ-mā-maṃ) Made, factitious, artificial, the reverse of what is naturally or spontaneously produced. m.
(-maḥ) 1. Incense, olibanum. 2. An adopted son, used for kṛtrimaputra. n.
(-maṃ) A kind of salt, the common Bit Noban or Bit Lavan. E. kṛ to make, ktri Unadi affix, and mam added.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—[kṛ + trima], I. adj., f. mā. 1. Factitious, the reverse of what is natural, [Pañcatantra] 110, 16. 2. Feigned, [Daśakumāracarita] in
Kṛtrima (कृत्रिम).—[adjective] artificial, factitious, adopted (putra): unnatural, accidental; false, feigned.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kṛtrima (कृत्रिम):—[from kṛ] a mf(ā)n. made artificially, factitious, artificial, not naturally or spontaneously produced, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] falsified, [Yājñavalkya ii, 247; Kathāsaritsāgara]
3) [v.s. ...] not natural, adopted (as a son), [Manu-smṛti; Yājñavalkya ii, 131; Mahābhārata; Kathāsaritsāgara]
4) [v.s. ...] assumed, simulated
5) [v.s. ...] not necessarily connected with the nature of anything, adventitious, [Pañcatantra]
6) [v.s. ...] m. incense, olibanum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] an adopted son, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] n. a kind of salt (the common Bit Noben, or Bit Lavan [viḍ-lavaṇa], obtained by cooking), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] a kind of perfume (= javadi), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] sulphate of copper (used as a collyrium), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) Kṛtrimā (कृत्रिमा):—[from kṛtrima > kṛ] f. a channel, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
12) Kṛtrima (कृत्रिम):—[from kṛtnu] b etc. See, [ib.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKṛtrima (कृत्रिम):—[(maḥ-mā-maṃ) a.] Artificial. 1. m. Incense; adopted son. n. A kind of salt, called Bit-lavan.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kṛtrima (कृत्रिम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Koṭṭima.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryKṛtrima (कृत्रिम) [Also spelled kratrim]:—(a) artificial; synthetical; pseudo; spurious; fictitious; sham; affected; laboured; —[garbhādhāna] artificial insemination ; ~[tā] artificiality, sham, affectedness.
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See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+2): Kritrimabhumi, Kritrimadhupa, Kritrimadhupaka, Kritrimagrahani, Kritrimaka, Kritrimakritrimaparibhasha, Kritrimamitra, Kritrimaputra, Kritrimaputraka, Kritrimaputrika, Kritrimaputtra, Kritrimaraga, Kritrimaratna, Kritrimari, Kritrimarti, Kritrimartti, Kritrimashatru, Kritrimata, Kritrimatva, Kritrimavana.
Ends with: Akritrima, Asamskritrima, Nishkritrima, Samskritrima.
Full-text (+25): Akritrima, Kritrimamitra, Kritrimadhupa, Kritrimaputra, Kritrimaputraka, Krittima, Kritrimavana, Kritrimabhumi, Kritrimadhupaka, Kritrimaputrika, Kritrimatva, Kritrimaratna, Kritrimashatru, Kritrimata, Kritrimaputtra, Kritrimi, Kritrimari, Kritrimarti, Kritrimodasina, Kumaripura.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Kritrima, Kṛtrima, Kritrama, Krtrima, Kṛtrimā; (plurals include: Kritrimas, Kṛtrimas, Kritramas, Krtrimas, Kṛtrimās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 3.4 - Different kinds of Sons < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 1.1e - The Major Smṛtis < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.159-160 < [Section XXII - The Relative Status of the Twelve Kinds of Sons]
Verse 9.169 < [Section XXIII - The Twelve Kinds of Sons defined]
Verse 9.180 < [Section XXIII - The Twelve Kinds of Sons defined]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 1 - Definitions of technical terms < [Chapter VII - Enumeration of technical terms]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 11 - Interminable Agreement < [Book 7 - The End of the Six-fold Policy]
The Devi Bhagavata Purana (by Swami Vijñanananda)