Part 1.3 - Indigenous Indonesia Hindu Notable Kingdom

Mataram, famous for building one of the largest complexes of Hindu temples in the world: "Prambanan Temple" as well as "Kediri" and "Singhasari". Hinduism and Buddhism spread throughout the archipelago like wildfire.

Many sastras and sutras of Hinduism have been translated into the Javanese dialect and have been expressed in the form of art.

For example, "Rishi Agastya", described as the main figure of devotion in the Javanese text of the eleventh century, the Agastya Parva; It includes puranas and a mixture of ideas from the schools of Hinduism "Samkhya" and "Vedanta". Hindu-Buddhist ideas had apparently reached the peak of their influence in the fourteenth century; The main force of influence is the "Majapahit", the last and greatest Hindu Buddhist Javanese empires.

According to inscriptions and historical sources, the medieval king of Chola, Rajendra Chola-I, sent a naval expedition to Indochina, the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia in 1025 for the sole purpose of submitting Srivijaya. The main sources of the above information were cited from the Thiruvalangadu plates, the Leden grant and Tamil Stela Rajendra Chola I.

The culmination of the information source derived from the Tamil Stela campaign of Rajendra Chola I; statements include references to "(who) I sent several ships in the middle of the open sea and having taken Sangrama-vijayottunga-Varman, king of Kadaram with the elephants in his glorious army, (himself) the big piles of treasures (the king) had legitimately accumalado (capture) with the noise (called bow) Vidhyadhayatorana in the "gate of the war" of his sprawling city, Srivijaya the "door decorated with jewels" decorated with great splendor and "dauntless Ilangasoka (ie Lankasoka) in ferocious, wears big jewelry ', Pannai with water in their ghats, old Maliaiyur with strong mountain to its walls, Mayuridingam, surrounded by deep sea (like) by a ditch Mapappalam battles abound (deep) as a defense, Valaippanduru having Vilappandaru, Talaittakkolam GEAT praised the men (in) broken science, Madamalingam, strong in fierce and fierce battles, Ilamuridesm, whose power of fevour was evolved in the war.

Conquest:

1) Srivijaya:

According to the stela of Rajendra Chola, Srivijaya was one of the first countries to be conquered. It was listed as "the evil jeweled gate" by Tamil inscriptions and was first captured by the fleet. He was identified by Coedes with the kingdom Sri Vijaya, who ruled from his base in Palembang to South Sumtra.

2) Pannai:

With his bath ghats, this is the second land to be conquered by naval fleets. It has been identified as Panai or Panw, a city on the east coast of North Sumatra, located on the estuary of the Panai River and the Barumun River.

3) Malaiyur:

With his "strong mountain" he was identified with Malayu in the present province of Jambi in the valley of the Batanghari River. Here, the strong principality prospered at that time.

4) Mayirudingam:

It is supposed to be the same as Ji-Lo-Ting, according to the list of the Chinese writer Chau Ju-Kua among the dependencies of Sri Vijaya and has been identified with the city of Chaiya in the center of the Malay Peninsula.

5) Ilangasoka:

Located, according to the inscriptions, on the east coast of the Malay peninsula and supposed to be the same as the province of Ling-ya-sseu-kia mentioned in the Chau JuKua list.

6) Mapappamam:

V.Venkayya epigrafista was seen as the city of Papphalama as mentioned in Mahavamsa.

Located in the Talaing region in the lower part of Burma.

7) Talaittakkolam:

It is thought to be the same as the Takkola mentioned by Ptolemy as a commercial emporium in the Golden Chersonese; Trang or identified with the modern city of Takupain the Isthmus of Kra, (W.Linehan, 1951), (Arokiaswamy, Céline W.m, 2000).

8) Nakkavaram:

Identified by V. Venkayya in Nicobar Isands.

9) Kadaram:

Modern "Kedah" mentioned in the stele is identified with Kataha from Sanskrit literature, Kadaram Kalingattuparani and Kiet-Cha Chronic.

There was a tangible intensification in interactions between India and Southeast Asia due to the Southeast Asian campaign. The aforementioned campaign also led to the stabilization of diplomatic relations with China. In 1015, Raja Raja Chola sent the first Indian Embassy to the service of the Song Emperor. In addition, his son Rajendra Chola I, in 1033, sent a second embassy, and a third was sent in 1077 to Kulothunga Chola I. Although no direct rule has been established on Southeast Asia, there may be opportunities for them to charge periodic tribute.

A guild of merchants settled in Burma and another in Sumatra in 1088 (Sastri, pp. 219220) to allow merchents and Tamil merchants firmly established in various areas of Southeast Asia. There was a suggestion made by the Indian historian V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar on the Tamil merchants of the Chola period who have knowledge of Australia and Polynesia.