Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.53.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रिर॒न्तरि॑क्षं सवि॒ता म॑हित्व॒ना त्री रजां॑सि परि॒भुस्त्रीणि॑ रोच॒ना । ति॒स्रो दिव॑: पृथि॒वीस्ति॒स्र इ॑न्वति त्रि॒भिर्व्र॒तैर॒भि नो॑ रक्षति॒ त्मना॑ ॥
त्रिरन्तरिक्षं सविता महित्वना त्री रजांसि परिभुस्त्रीणि रोचना । तिस्रो दिवः पृथिवीस्तिस्र इन्वति त्रिभिर्व्रतैरभि नो रक्षति त्मना ॥
trir antarikṣaṃ savitā mahitvanā trī rajāṃsi paribhus trīṇi rocanā | tisro divaḥ pṛthivīs tisra invati tribhir vratair abhi no rakṣati tmanā ||

English translation:

Savitā, encompassing them by his magnitude, pervades th three (divisions of the) firmament, the three worlds, the three brilliant sphere, the three heavens, the threefold earth may he, by his three functions, of his own (plural asure) protect us.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three divions of the firmament: antarikṣa is divided between Vāyu, Vidyut and Varuṇa, in three portions; three brilliant spheres: the regions of Agni, Vāyu and Sūrya; three heavens: the lokas of Indra, Prajāpati and Satyaloka; threefold earth = three ores?; three functions: those of distributing heat, rain and cold

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): savitā ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रिः । अ॒न्तरि॑क्षम् । स॒वि॒ता । म॒हि॒ऽत्व॒ना । त्री । रजां॑सि । प॒रि॒ऽभूः । त्रीणि॑ । रो॒च॒ना । ति॒स्रः । दिवः॑ । पृ॒थि॒वीः । ति॒स्रः । इ॒न्व॒ति॒ । त्रि॒ऽभिः । व्र॒तैः । अ॒भि । नः॒ । र॒क्ष॒ति॒ । त्मना॑ ॥
त्रिः । अन्तरिक्षम् । सविता । महित्वना । त्री । रजांसि । परिभूः । त्रीणि । रोचना । तिस्रः । दिवः । पृथिवीः । तिस्रः । इन्वति । त्रिभिः । व्रतैः । अभि । नः । रक्षति । त्मना ॥
triḥ | antarikṣam | savitā | mahi-tvanā | trī | rajāṃsi | pari-bhūḥ | trīṇi | rocanā | tisraḥ | divaḥ | pṛthivīḥ | tisraḥ | invati | tri-bhiḥ | vrataiḥ | abhi | naḥ | rakṣati | tmanā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.53.5 English analysis of grammar]

trir < tris

[adverb]

“thrice; tris [word].”

antarikṣaṃ < antarikṣam < antarikṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“sky; atmosphere; air; abhra.”

savitā < savitṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”

mahitvanā < mahitvana

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“greatness.”

trī < tri

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

rajāṃsi < rajas

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

paribhus < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

trīṇi < tri

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

rocanā < rocana

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“light; celestial sphere.”

tisro < tisraḥ < tri

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

divaḥ < div

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

pṛthivīs < pṛthivīḥ < pṛthivī

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

tisra < tisraḥ < tri

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

invati < i

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

tribhir < tribhiḥ < tri

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

vratair < vrataiḥ < vrata

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

rakṣati < rakṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

tmanā < tman

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“self.”

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