Vikraya: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Vikraya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Vkiray.
In Hinduism
Shaiva philosophy
Vikraya (विक्रय) refers to “selling”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.131.—Accordingly, “[They] ‘consist in each other’ [means the following]: even the essence of [ordinary human practice] such as buying and selling (kraya-vikraya), etc., is nothing but such a manifesting consciousness. Only that which is manifest in such a way is for this very reason useful [in providing] to me, for whom [this thing is manifest and while I am] being manifest [myself], an efficacy which is [itself] necessarily manifest!”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Vikraya (विक्रय) refers to “selling (costly meat)”, according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.13-16, while describing auspicious dreams]—“[...] [A dreamer] sells costly meat (vikraya—mahāmāṃsasya vikrayam) and partitions the sacrificial victim for the gods out of respect. [The fortunate dreamer] worships the god with his own self and also recites mantras, meditates, and praises. Then he observes before his own eyes a beautiful honored blazing fire [i.e., he is prepared to take part in ritual]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
vikraya (विक्रय).—m (S) vikrayaṇa n S Selling or sale.
vikraya (विक्रय).—m Sale, selling.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vikraya (विक्रय).—
1) Sale, selling; यासां नाददते शुल्कं ज्ञातयो न स विक्रयः (yāsāṃ nādadate śulkaṃ jñātayo na sa vikrayaḥ) Manusmṛti 3.54.
2) The selling price; Manusmṛti 7.127.
3) The market; विक्रयाद्यो धनं किंचिद् गृह्णीयात् कुलसंनिधौ (vikrayādyo dhanaṃ kiṃcid gṛhṇīyāt kulasaṃnidhau) Manusmṛti 8. 21.
Derivable forms: vikrayaḥ (विक्रयः).
Vikraya (विक्रय).—m.
(-yaḥ) Sale, selling, vending. E. vi before, krī to buy, ac aff.
Vikraya (विक्रय).—i. e. vi-krī + a, m. Sale, selling, [Pañcatantra] 121, 21.
Vikraya (विक्रय).—[masculine] ṇa [neuter] sale.
1) Vikraya (विक्रय):—[=vi-kraya] a etc. See below.
2) [=vi-kraya] [from vi-krī] b m. sale, selling, vending, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
Vikraya (विक्रय):—[vi-kraya] (yaḥ) 1. m. Sale.
Vikraya (विक्रय):—(von 1. krī mit vi) m. Verkauf [Amarakoṣa.2,9,83.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 872.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā.3,15,4.] [Yāska’s Nirukta.3,4.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch.3,53. 54] [?(= Mahābhārata 13,2484).7,127.8,4.9,98. 100. Mahābhārata 13,2672. Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio.1,64,3. Spr. 2693. Oxforder Handschriften 86,b,20. 87,b,27. 282,b,19. Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 51,5. MĀLATĪM. 72,10. Kathāsaritsāgara 25,182. 43,72. Rājataraṅgiṇī.1,309.4,397.5,273.] vidyā [Pañcatantra 5, 1] [?(ed. orn. 2, 6). 121, 21. 241, 2.] — Vgl. ātma, kraya (auch [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka 8, 17. 17, 7.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 13, 83. 86.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 5, 161]), paṇya, māṃsa .
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Vikrāya (विक्राय):—(von 1. krī mit vi) nom. ag. Verkäufer: dhānya [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 2, 93, Vārttika von Kātyāyana., Scholiast]
Vikraya (विक्रय) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vikkaa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vikraya (विक्रय) [Also spelled vkiray]:—(nm) sale, selling; ~[ya kara] sales tax; ~[ya-patra] sale deed; cash memo; ~[yī] a seller, vendor.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Vikraya (ವಿಕ್ರಯ):—[noun] the act of selling; sale.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vikraya (विक्रय):—n. sale;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Kraya, Vi.
Starts with (+0): Vikraya-lekha, Vikrayadi, Vikrayaka, Vikrayakara, Vikrayamulya, Vikrayana, Vikrayanushaya, Vikrayapanji, Vikrayapatra, Vikrayapattra, Vikrayaptr, Vikrayarth, Vikrayartha, Vikrayartham, Vikrayashale, Vikrayasthana, Vikrayati, Vikrayavithi.
Full-text (+58): Krayavikraya, Atmavikraya, Asvamivikraya, Mamsavikraya, Krayavikrayanushaya, Vikrayanushaya, Rasavikraya, Yogavikraya, Vikrayika, Vikrayapattra, Avikraya, Mahamamsa, Vikrayin, Madyavikraya, Vikrayapatra, Kraya, Vikkirayam, Vikrayya, Vikkirayapattiram, Panyavikraya.
Relevant text
Search found 24 books and stories containing Vikraya, Vi-kraya, Vikrāya; (plurals include: Vikrayas, krayas, Vikrāyas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 311 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 842 < [Malayalam-English-Kannada (1 volume)]
Page 702 < [Kannada-English-Malayalam (1 volume)]
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Verses 3.36-39 < [Chapter 2 - Duties in (times of) Difficulties]
Verses 3.234-242 < [Chapter 5 - On Penances (Prāyaścitta)]
Verses 2.247-248 < [Chapter 20 - Heinous Offences (Sāhasas)]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.201 < [Section XXXIII - Fraudulent Sale]
Verse 11.62 < [Section VI - Offences: their Classification]
Verse 3.54 < [Section VI - Rules Regarding Marriage]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Mimamsa in Medhatithi (study) (by A. R. Joshi)
Vikalpa In Manubhasya 11.59 < [Part 3.22 - Vikalpa]