Thinking, Thought: 4 definitions
Introduction:
Thinking means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Thoughts are denoted by the Sanskrit term Vikalpa, according to the Māṇḍūkyopaniṣatkārikā 3.37.—Accordingly, while discussing the no-mind state: “The mode of [this no-mind] mind which is restrained, free of thought (nirvikalpa) and intelligent should be known. The other [mode of mind] in deep sleep is not the same as that”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Yoga (school of philosophy)
(The faculty of) Thinking is denoted by the Sanskrit term Citā, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [Now], I will teach the practice of that, which produces absorption. [...] When the highest reality has approached [him], the no-mind [state] is brought forth. When the no-mind [state] has arisen, dissolution of thinking (citā), [ego, etc.] occurs. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Thinking refers to one of the “Eleven Sources of Valid Cognition” (among Cārakīya Jaiminīyas) which are known in Tibetan as: tshad ma bcu gcig.—Most Mīmāṃsakas assert six sources of valid cognition, while the Cārakīya Jaiminīyas assert eleven sources of valid cognition [e.g., thinking] and also teach a division into forty-eight functional forces.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: The, The, Thinking, Te.
Full-text (+12275): Cinta, Cintita, Cintana, Citta, Dhyana, Cintaka, Mandi, Vicara, Vitakka, Vicintana, Cintaniya, Dhyanimmanim, Manas, Manojava, Ekacitta, Pradhyana, Bhavana, Vikalpa, Citi, Anucintana.
Relevant text
Search found 775 books and stories containing Thinking, Thought, Think, The thought, Thoughts, Thinks; (plurals include: Thinkings, Thoughts, Thinks, The thoughts, Thoughtses, Thinkses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 (by Vihari-Lala Mitra)
Chapter XXXI - Identity of the mind and living soul < [Book VI - Nirvana prakarana part 1 (nirvana prakarana)]
Chapter XI - Cause of the production of the world < [Book IV - Sthiti prakarana (sthiti prakarana)]
Chapter LX - On duration and time and thoughts of the mind < [Book III - Utpatti khanda (utpatti khanda)]
Cetasikas (by Nina van Gorkom)
Chapter 8 - Applied Thinking And Sustained Thinking < [Part II - The Particulars (pakinnaka)]
Chapter 17 - Conceit < [Part III - Akusala Cetasikas]
Chapter 13 - Introduction < [Part III - Akusala Cetasikas]
Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations) (by Makarand Gopal Newalkar)
Sūtra 1.41-46 [Samāpatti and Sabīja-Samādhi] < [Book I - Samādhi-pāda]
Part 6 - Medicine should be disease specific < [Conclusion]
Part 1 - Introduction to Darśana: (Indian) philosophy < [Introduction]
Self-Knowledge in Krishnamurti’s Philosophy (by Merry Halam)
7. Freedom through ending of Thought < [Chapter 3 - Of Bondage and Knowledge]
7. Inner Transformation < [Chapter 4 - Freedom and Peace]
Shurangama Sutra (with commentary) (English) (by Hsuan Hua)
The external aspect belongs to thought and so one is able to ascend < [Chapter 4 - The Seven Destinies]
Explaining that Great Samadhi causes demons to manifest < [Chapter 1 - The Origin of Demonic States]
The false thinking of the thinking skandha < [Chapter 8 - The Arising and Cessation of the Five Skandhas]
The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda (by Srila Narayana Maharaja)
The Need of Symbols < [Addresses on Bhakti-Yoga]
The Chief Symbols < [Addresses on Bhakti-Yoga]
Concentration: Its spiritual uses < [Raja-Yoga]
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