Tarkshya, Tārkṣya, Tarkṣya: 22 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Sanskrit
2. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Tarkshya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Tārkṣya and Tarkṣya can be transliterated into English as Tarksya or Tarkshya, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य, “Emerald”):—One of the nine gems (navaratna) according to the 13^th century Rasaprakāśasudhākara. It is also known as Pannā (पन्ना).

The Emerald (tārkṣya) has Pharmaco-therapeutic properties and is used to destroy the following conditions:

śvāsa-roga,
kāsa-roga,
sannipāta-roga,
agnimāndya-roga,
śopha-roga,
śūla-roga,
jvara-roga,
viṣa-roga,
arśa-roga
and pāṇḍu-roga

Superior: The Emerald is considered superior when the following properties can be described about the form of the gem: Snigdha (greasy), bhāsura (brightly shining) sasyavarṇa (green like grass), suddha-gātra (clean body and surface), bhāravat (heavy in weight), raśmiyukta (possessing shining rays). Only Emeralds possessing these seven characteristics are of best variety of emerald and are considered best or recommended for dāṇa (offerings), bhakṣaṇa (internal use) and dhāraṇa (wearing purpose).

Inferior: When possessed of the following characteristics, the Emerald is considered inferior and is not considered good should not be used in medicines. Blue or white in colour, rough on surface (touch), possessing blackish and dry surface, tilted or unstraight, black, flat and light in weight.

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

1) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) (lit. “one who is considered as a mythical being”) is a synonym (another name) for the Horse (Aśva), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) (lit. “one who is the child of Tṛkṣa”) is a synonym (another name) for Garuḍa.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—Garuḍa. See under Garuḍa.

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—A sage. He was a member of the court of Indra. He was known as Ariṣṭanemi also. He had no fear of death. He once discussed with Sarasvatīdevī about the soul. (Chapter 184, Vana Parva).

3) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—A Kṣatriya youth of the country of Tārkṣya. He came to the Rājasūya of Yudhiṣṭhira and gave much wealth for the purpose. (Śloka 15, Chapter 53, Sabhā Parva).

4) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—A synonym of Śiva. (Śloka 98, Chapter 17, Anuśāsana Parva).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is another name for Garuḍa, the vehicle of Viṣṇu, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.16 (“The battle of the gods”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā and the Gods eulogized Viṣṇu: “[...] Obeisance to the destroyer of the distress of your servants; the bestower of auspicious happiness. Obeisance to you wearing yellow robes, having Garuḍa for your vehicle (tārkṣya-yāna). Obeisance to the performer of all rites. Obeisance to the sole doer. Obeisance to the one worthy of being resorted to. [...]”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—(also Tārkṣa)—see Garuḍa.¹ Married four daughters of Dakṣa. These were Vinatā, Kadrū, Patangī, and Yāminī, who were mothers of birds, snakes, etc.² Tārkṣyasuta inimical to serpents.³ Invoked for protection on the ground.⁴

1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 2. 24; 17. 22.
2) Ib. VI. 6. 2, 21-22.
3) Ib. VII. 8. 26. X. 17. 7; 37. 4; 59. 7.
4) Ib. X. 6. 23; 17. 7; Matsya-purāṇa 126. 19; 167. 53.

1b) The Yakṣa presiding over the month of Satra. (Tārkṣi Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa);¹ resides in the chariot of the sun during the month of Mārgaśīrṣa.²

1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa XII. 11. 41.
2) Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 10. 13.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.59.39, I.65, II.48.14) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Tārkṣya) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) refers to Garuḍa, according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly: “[...] Then, after the goddess Kumārikā had heard Vyāsa’s words, she hid her Māyā nature from him and assumed (her) Vaiṣṇava form. Viṣṇu held a conch, discus, mace and rosary. Stainless (nirañjana), he wore yellow clothes and, mounted on Garuḍa [i.e., tārkṣya-ārūḍha], he was radiant. Keśava, that is, Janārdhaka, was accompanied by Mahālakṣmī. (He), the god Hari, born from a lotus womb, is the imperishable cause (of all things). [...]”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Source: Wisdom Library: Pancaratra (Samhita list)

1) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is the name of an ancient Pāñcarātra Saṃhitā mentioned in the Kapiñjalasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an Ācārya, architecture, town-planning and iconography.—For the list of works, see chapter 1, verses 14b-27. The list [including Tārkṣya-saṃhitā] was said to have comprised “108” titles, these, different saṃhitās named after different manifestations of the Lord or different teachers. They are all said to be authoritative as the ultimate promulgator of all these is the same Nārāyaṇa.

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is the name of an ancient Pāñcarātra Saṃhitā mentioned in the Padmasaṃhitā: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter—jñāna, yoga, kriyā and caryā) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—[Cf. Jñānapāda chapter 1, verses 99-114]—First is explained the folly of following more than one Saṃhitā for a single series of rituals. Then the names of the 108 Tantras of the Pāñcarātra corpus are named [e.g., Tārkṣya]. Even those who repeat these 108 titles will gain salvation.

3) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) or Tārkṣyasaṃhitā is also mentioned in the Bhāradvājasaṃhitā or “Bhāradvāja-kaṇva-saṃhitā”: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 230 ślokas mainly concerned with basic details concerning temple construction and icon consecration.

Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) or Tārkṣyamudrā refers to one of the Mudrās (gestures) discussed in chapter 31 of the Mārkaṇḍeyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2200 Sanskrit verses mainly dealing with temple-building, iconography, pūjā (worship procedures), utsava (festivities) and prāyaścitta (expiatory measures).—Description of chapter [mudrā-vidhāna]: As a part of worship [pūjāṅga], it is ordained in the śāstras that certain mudrā-gestures be done to please the gods (1). The ones listed and described are [e.g., Tārkṣya-mudrā] [...]. When some of these are to be used in the worship of God is given (49b-58).

context information

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is mentioned in the Rigveda as a divine steed, apparently the sun conceived as a horse. But Foy, judging by the name, apparently a patronymic of Tṛkṣi, who is known from the Rigveda onwards as a descendant of Trasadasyu, thinks that a real steed, the property of Tṛkṣi, is meant; but this is not very probable. See also Tārukṣya (तारुक्ष्य).

Source: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Tārkṣya is the name of a mythical being in the Rigveda, described as a horse with the epithet áriṣṭa-nemi "with intact wheel-rims" (RV 1.89.6, RV 10.178.1), but alternatively taken to be a bird (RV 5.51) and later identified with Garuda (Mahabharata, Harivamsha) or Garuda's father (Bhagavata Purana 6.6.2, 21), counted among the offspring of Kashyapa in Mahabharata 1.2548, 4830 and 12468.

It is also the name of the hymn RV 10.178 ascribed to Tārkṣya Ariṣṭanemi.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) or Tārkṣyāsana is the name of a posture (āsana), according to chapter 2.1 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly, “the elephant of kings (i.e., Vimalavāhana) dismounted from the elephant’s shoulder and entered the garden, like a lion a mountain-cave. [...] He saw monks there, too, some in the [viz., tārkṣya-posture, ...] some engaged in kāyotsarga, and some in ukṣa-posture, indifferent to the body, who had carried out their vows in the midst of numerous attacks, like soldiers in battles, victorious over internal enemies, enduring trials, powerful from penance and meditation [...] The King, with devotion sprouted in the guise of horripilation, as it were, approached Ācārya Arindama and paid homage to him”.

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) is the name of a magic weapon employed by King Vālin against Rāvaṇa, according to the Jain Ramayana and chapter 7.2 [Rāvaṇa’s expedition of conquest].—Accordingly, “Thus enlightened by him, Daśāsya [i.e., Rāvaṇa], knowing dharma, began to fight in person, skilled in all weapons. Whatever weapon Daśagrīva hurled, the king of the Kapis destroyed it by his own weapons, like the sun the brilliance of strong fires. Rāvaṇa even discharged his magic missiles, Sarpa, Varuṇa, etc, and Vālin destroyed them by his missiles, Tārkṣya, etc. [...]”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Tarkṣya (तर्क्ष्य).—Nitre, salt-petre.

Derivable forms: tarkṣyaḥ (तर्क्ष्यः).

--- OR ---

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—

1) An epithet of Garuḍa; त्रस्तेन तार्क्ष्यात् किल कालियेन (trastena tārkṣyāt kila kāliyena) R.6.49.

2) Name of Garuḍa's elder brother Aruṇa.

3) A car; आरुह्य तार्क्ष्यं नभसीव भूतले (āruhya tārkṣyaṃ nabhasīva bhūtale) (yayau) Śiśupālavadha 12.2.

4) A horse.

5) A snake;

6) A bird in general.

7) Name of Śiva.

8) Gold.

9) A kind of antidote.

Derivable forms: tārkṣyaḥ (तार्क्ष्यः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Tarkṣya (तर्क्ष्य).—m.

(-rkṣyaḥ) Nitre, saltpetre. E. tṛkṣa-yat vā guṇaḥ . yavakṣāre .

--- OR ---

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—m.

(-rkṣyaḥ) 1. A horse. 2. A name of Garuda, the bird and vehicle of Vishnu. 2. A name of Aruna, or the dawn personified, considered as the elder brother of Garuda. 4. A car, a chariot. 5. A snake. 6. Gold. 7. A tree, the Sal, (Shorea robusta.) n.

(-rkṣyaṃ) A sort of collyrium. f. (-rkṣyī) A wild creeper. E. tṛkṣ to go, ghañ affix tārkṣa and yañ added; again, tṛkṣa or tārkṣa considered as a name of Kasyapa the father of Aruna, &c. ṣyañ or aṇ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—I. m. 1. A fabulous being, sometimes fancied as a horse, sometimes as a bird, Mahābhārata 1, 2548. identical with Garuḍa, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 7460. 2. A bird(?), [Suśruta] 2, 162, 4. 3. A kind of antidote, [Suśruta] 2, 275, 21. Ii. n. A certain medicine, [Suśruta] 2, 69, 13.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य).—[masculine] [Name] of a mythical being, conceived as a horse, later as a bird, also = [preceding]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Tarkṣya (तर्क्ष्य):—m. saltpetre, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य):—[from tārkṣa] m. Name of a mythical being (originally described as a horse with the epithet ariṣṭa-nemi [Ṛg-veda i, 89, 6; x, 178, 1; Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska i, 14; Kauśika-sūtra 73], later on taken to be a bird [Ṛg-veda v, 51], [interpolation] [Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra x, 7] and identified with Garuḍa [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa] etc. or called his elder brother [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] or father [Bhāgavata-purāṇa vi, 6, 2 and 21]; See also -putra; mentioned with Ariṣṭa-nemi, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xv, 18]; with Ariṣṭa-nemi, Garuḍa, Aruṇa and Āruṇi as offspring of Kaśyapa by Vinatā, [Mahābhārata i, 2548 and 4830; Harivaṃśa 12468 and 14175]; called a Yakṣa, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa ii, 10, 13]; a Muni with the Name Ariṣṭa-nemi, [Mahābhārata iii, 12660 and 12665; xii, 10615]; [plural] a class of demi-gods grouped with the Gandharvas, Yakṣas, and Cāraṇas, [Rāmāyaṇa i, 16, 9])

3) [v.s. ...] Name of the hymn, [Ṛg-veda x, 178] (ascribed to Tārkṣya Ariṣṭanemi), [Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra ix; Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra xi f.; Lāṭyāyana i]

4) [v.s. ...] a horse, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska i, 14]

5) [v.s. ...] a cart, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] a bird, [Mahābhārata vi, 71; Suśruta iv, 28, 5]

7) [v.s. ...] a snake, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] = -prasava, [vi, 51, 19] (kṣa [edition])

9) [v.s. ...] a sort of antidote, [v, 5, 66]

10) [v.s. ...] gold, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] = netrāñca keśa, [Nighaṇṭuprakāśa]

12) [v.s. ...] Śiva

13) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Pravara texts ii, 3, 6] ([Āpastamba-dharma-sūtra] and, [Āśvalāyana])

14) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata ii, 1871]

15) [v.s. ...] n. = -ja, [Suśruta iv, 9, 45.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Tarkṣya (तर्क्ष्य):—(rkṣyaḥ) 1. m. Nitre.

2) Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य):—(rkṣyaḥ) 1. m. A horse; Garuḍa; Aruna; a car; a snake; a Sāl tree; gold. f. A wild creeper. n. A sort of collyrium.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Tārkṣya (तार्क्ष्य) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Takkha.

[Sanskrit to German]

Tarkshya in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Tārkṣya (ತಾರ್ಕ್ಷ್ಯ):—

1) [noun] the Brahminee kite, Haliastur indus, an accipitrine bird with long, pointed wings, forked tail and white neck.

2) [noun] (myth.) the king of birds, which is used by Viṣṇu as his vehicle.

3) [noun] a well-bred horse.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 49 books and stories containing Tarkshya, Tārkṣya, Tarksya, Tarkṣya; (plurals include: Tarkshyas, Tārkṣyas, Tarksyas, Tarkṣyas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Rig Veda 10.178.1 < [Sukta 178]

Rig Veda 1.89.6 < [Sukta 89]

Rig Veda 10.178.2 < [Sukta 178]

+ 1 more chapters / show preview

Verse 2.14.7 < [Chapter 14 - Description of Kāliya’s Story]

Verse 2.14.15 < [Chapter 14 - Description of Kāliya’s Story]

Verse 2.14.2 < [Chapter 14 - Description of Kāliya’s Story]

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Part 33 - Symbolic relevance of “Tārkṣya” in Sun-worship < [Chapter 2 - Salient Traits of the Solar Divinities in the Veda]

Part 1 - Purāṇic Literature < [Chapter 3 - General Characteristics of the Purāṇic Religion and its Link with the Vedic Tradition]

Chapter 6 - Conclusion

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