Prashamana, Praśamana: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Prashamana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Praśamana can be transliterated into English as Prasamana or Prashamana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Prashaman.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraPraśamana (प्रशमन, “calming”) refers to “abatement” and represents one of six “elements of diction” (aṅga). According to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 19, these six elements of diction are part of the ‘vocal representation’ (vācika), which is used in communicating the meaning of the drama and calling forth the sentiment (rasa). The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
Praśamana refers to the lowering of the notes of high pitch without making them discordant. Praśamana can be used in the Comic, the Erotic, the Pathetic, the Heroic, the Furious and the Marvellous Sentiment.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Dhanurveda (science of warfare)
Source: Wisdom Library: DhanurvedaPraśamana (प्रशमन) refers to a weapon (a shooting missile). It is a Sanskrit word defined in the Dhanurveda-saṃhitā, which contains a list of no less than 117 weapons. The Dhanurveda-saṃhitā is said to have been composed by the sage Vasiṣṭha, who in turn transmitted it trough a tradition of sages, which can eventually be traced to Śiva and Brahmā.
Dhanurveda (धनुर्वेद) refers to the “knowledge of warfare” and, as an upaveda, is associated with the Ṛgveda. It contains instructions on warfare, archery and ancient Indian martial arts, dating back to the 2nd-3rd millennium BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsPraśamana (प्रशमन):—Palliative therapeutics;
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPraśamana (प्रशमन) refers to “(that which) quells (hindrances and ailments)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.55 (“Śiva returns to Kailāsa”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “O dear, I have thus narrated the auspicious story of the marriage of Śiva, that dispels sorrow, generates delight and increases wealth and longevity. He who hears this story with pure mind fixed on them or narrates the same, shall attain Śivaloka. This narrative is said to be wondrous and the cause of everything auspicious. It quells (praśamana) all hindrances and ailments. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāPraśamana (प्रशमन) refers to “(that which) appeases”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Son of good family, how does the recollection of morality (śīlānusmṛti) of Bodhisattva becomes like open space? [...] Since there is no visual form, it is praised by the wise. Since it appeases vices (kleśa-praśamana), there is no essential characteristic of recognition. Since it is in accordance with all happiness and is not generated by the contrary, while recollecting this morality, there is no impurity in the recollection. Son of good family, this is what is called the recollection of morality which is authorized by the Lord”.
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgriculturePraśamana (प्रशमन) refers to “alleviation (from famine and calamities)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after as the four great kings said to the Bhagavān], “[...] Let the Bhagavān utter such mantrapadas which deliver the world under destruction by various sorts of misfortune in the last time, in the last age, which eliminate excessive rain, drought, thunderbolts, cold spells and heatwaves, which alleviate (praśamana), ward off and protect from famine and calamities. Utter the dhāraṇī-mantrapadas”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypraśamana (प्रशमन).—n S Assuaging, allaying, composing, tranquilizing. 2 An allayer, a mitigater; a medicine &c. of quieting and soothing properties. Ex. ghṛta hēṃ pittācēṃ pra0 hōya.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpraśamana (प्रशमन).—n Assuaging. An allayer. A medicine &c. of soothing properties.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPraśamana (प्रशमन).—a. (-nī f.)
1) Calming, tranquillizing, pacifying, removing &c.
2) Curing, healing.
-nam 1 Calming, tranquillizing, pacifying.
2) Allaying, assuaging, soothing, mitigating; आपन्नार्तिप्रशमनफलाः संपदो ह्युत्तमानाम् (āpannārtipraśamanaphalāḥ saṃpado hyuttamānām) Meghadūta 55.
3) Curing, healing; as in व्याधिप्रशमनम् (vyādhipraśamanam).
4) Quenching, extinguishing, suppressing, quelling; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 5.165.9.
5) Cessation, abatement.
6) Bestowing fitly or on fit objects; लब्धप्रशमनं कृत्वा (labdhapraśamanaṃ kṛtvā) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.45.1 (com. labdhasya dhanādeḥ yathocitamaṃśataḥ pātre samarpaṇena śāntikam) Manusmṛti 7.56; (satpātre pratipādanam Kull.; but others give it the next sense).
7) Securing, guarding, keeping safe; लब्धप्रशमनस्वस्थमथैनं समुपस्थिता (labdhapraśamanasvasthamathainaṃ samupasthitā) R.4.14.
8) Killing, slaughter.
9) Restoration of peace; लब्धप्रशमनम् (labdhapraśamanam) Kau. A.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPraśamana (प्रशमन).—n.
(-naṃ) 1. Killing, slaughter. 2. Pacifying, tranquillising. 3. Quiescence, reposing. 4. Soothing, assuaging. 5. Ouring, healing. 6. Extinguishing. 7. Bestowing fitly. 8. Securing, guarding. 9. Cessation, abatement. E. pra before, śam to pacify, aff. lyuṭ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPraśamana (प्रशमन).—[pra-śam + ana], n. 1. Tranquillising, pacifying, [Daśakumāracarita] in
Praśamana (प्रशमन).—[adjective] & [neuter] tranquillizing, suppressing, healing, securing.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Praśamana (प्रशमन):—[=pra-śamana] [from pra-śam] mfn. tranquillizing, pacifying, curing, healing, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Suśruta]
2) [v.s. ...] n. the act of tranquillizing etc., [Mahābhārata; Kāmandakīya-nītisāra; Daśakumāra-carita; Purāṇa; Suśruta]
3) [v.s. ...] securing, keeping safe (of what has been acquired), [Manu-smṛti vii, 56] (others, ‘bestowing aptly’; others, ‘sanctification’; cf. [Raghuvaṃśa iv, 14])
4) [v.s. ...] killing, slaughter, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] ([scilicet] astra) Name of a weapon, [Rāmāyaṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPraśamana (प्रशमन):—[pra-śamana] (naṃ) 1. n. Killing; pacifying.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Praśamana (प्रशमन) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pasamaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryPraśamana (प्रशमन) [Also spelled prashaman]:—(nm) pacification, soothing, mitigation; subdual; subsidence; hence ~[mita] (a).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPraśamana (ಪ್ರಶಮನ):—
1) [noun] a tranquilising, pacifying.
2) [noun] the act or process of curing, healing or being cured, healed, etc.
3) [noun] the act or an instance of averting, avoiding or preventing something (esp. an evil) from happening.
4) [noun] a destroying or demolishing.
5) [noun] a giving of a gift, bestowing of something to a deserving person.
6) [noun] a protecting, being protected or an instance of this; protection.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Ends with (+2): Angamardaprashamana, Angamarshaprashamana, Anuprashamana, Apamrityuprashamana, Dahaprashamana, Doshaprashamana, Duhsvapnaprashamana, Kleshaprashamana, Labdhaprashamana, Mrityuprashamana, Pittaprashamana, Samprashamana, Sarvaduhkhaprashamana, Sarvanirodhavirodhasamprashamana, Sarvarodhavirodhasamprashamana, Sarvavighnaprashamana, Shitaprashamana, Shulaprashamana, Udardaprashamana, Vastuprashamana.
Full-text: Angamarshaprashamana, Labdhaprashamana, Labdhaprashamanasvastha, Papaprashamanastava, Pasamana, Vastuprashamana, Prashaman, Angamarsha, Apannartiprashamanaphala, Anga, Vinimishra, Udardaprashamana, Dahaprashamana, Shulaprashamana, Angamardaprashamana, Shitaprashamana, Apamrityu, Sarvaduhsvapna, Paryavasthana.
Relevant text
Search found 9 books and stories containing Prashamana, Praśamana, Prasamana, Pra-shamana, Pra-śamana, Pra-samana; (plurals include: Prashamanas, Praśamanas, Prasamanas, shamanas, śamanas, samanas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 1.2.109 < [Part 2 - Devotional Service in Practice (sādhana-bhakti)]
Atharvaveda and Charaka Samhita (by Laxmi Maji)
Viṣa (poison) according to Caraka < [Chapter 4 - Diseases and Remedial measures (described in Caraka-saṃhitā)]
Introduction to Āyurveda < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Āyurveda and the Vedas < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Nitiprakasika (Critical Analysis) (by S. Anusha)
Saṃhāra weapons (1): Sopasaṃhāra-astras < [Chapter 3]
Sarga II: Dhanurveda-viveka-kathana (64 Verses) < [Chapter 2]
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (by Nayana Sharma)
The Principles of Therapeutics (Cikitsā) < [Chapter 4]
Expiatory Rites in Keralite Tantra (by T. S. Syamkumar)
1.1. Expiatory Rites in Prayogamañjarī < [Chapter 3 - Expiatory Rites in Kerala Tantric Ritual Manuals]
Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
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