Mushaka, Mūṣaka, Muṣaka: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Mushaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Mūṣaka and Muṣaka can be transliterated into English as Musaka or Mushaka, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Mushak.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaMūṣaka (मूषक).—An ancient place of habitation in Bhārata. (Śloka 56, Chapter 9, Bhīṣma Parva).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationMūṣaka (मूषक) refers to “mice”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.22 (“Description of Pārvatī’s penance”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “O sage, listen to another surprising influence of the penance of Pārvatī, the mother of the universe. [...] Lions and cows prone to the passions of love, hatred etc. ceased to harass one another, thanks to her greatness. O excellent sage, creatures like cats, mice [i.e., mūṣaka] etc. who are born enemies to one another did not exhibit any bad characteristics there. O excellent sage, trees bore fruits, grasses grew in plenty and flowers of variegated nature and colour blossomed there. The entire forest became comparable to Kailāsa as it were the achievement of her penance”
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Mūṣaka (मूषक).—A commander of Bhaṇḍa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 21. 87.
1b) Breeding of too many rats forebodes famine.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 237. 9.
Mūṣaka (मूषक) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.57, VI.10.62) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Mūṣaka) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa (itihasa)Mūṣaka is the name of a Serpent (sarpa) mentioned in the thirty-fifth chapter (verses 4-17) of the Ādiparva of the Mahābhārata.—Accordingly, Sauti, on being implored by Śaunaka to name all the serpents in the course of the sarpa-sattra, tells him that it is humanly impossible to give a complete list because of their sheer multiplicity; but would name the prominent ones in accordance with their significance [e.g., Mūṣaka].
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti textsMūṣaka (मूषक) refers to the animal “Indian bush rat” (Golunda ellioti).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Mūṣaka] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical studyMūṣaka (मूषक) refers to the Indian bush rat (Golunda Ellioti), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: academia.edu: Gleanings from Atula’s MusikavamsaMūṣaka (मूषक) (or Mūṣika, Mūṣikavaṃśa) is the name of an historical poem by Atula.—Mūṣikavaṃśa is an interesting historical poem about the dynastical lineage of a royal family of North Kerala known by that name. It is now generally maintained that the kings of the dynasty ruled over the territory comprising Kolattunādu of later times. [...] Both Mūṣakavaṃśa (and Mūṣakavaṃśa are used rather indiscriminately to refer to the dynasty and the poem itself. Kunjunni Raja consistently uses the former word whereas in recent works, Raghavan Pillai and N.P. Unni use the word Mūṣikavaṃśa.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra TantraMūṣaka (मूषक) refers to “mice”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 19.121-128, while describing the prevention of natural disasters]—“[The Mantrin] should [perform] rites and recitations to avert evil and famine, in times of great dangers, [such as] destructive earthquakes, meteors, massive rainfall and drought as well as threats of mice and other pests (mūṣaka—mūṣakādibhayeṣu ca). He should conduct the ritual when flowers, etc., grow out of season, [when images of gods] are lost or break. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: S.V.U.Oriental Journal, Vol. XI, Jan-Dec 1968, Parts 1&2Mūṣaka is the name of a major historic river of Āndhradeśa (Andhra country).—The evolution of Āndhra culture through the ages in its manifold facets succoured by its rivers presents a large diversity nevertheless wiih an all pervading underlying unity. The Brahmakuṇḍi or Guṇḍlakamma unlike several other larger rivers which are tributaries, has an independent course and falls into the Bay of Bengal. It had more in common with the larger rivers except in its length where it resembles the minor rivers (e.g., Mūṣaka). On either side of the holy river, flourished kingdoms of the Yādavas of Addanki and of the Reḍḍis subsequently. Centres of pilgrimage, eg., Kanuparti had their heyday. The region and the river are celebrated in the records and literature of the Reḍḍis and relics of bygone glory are seen even today.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Musaka in Southern Africa is the name of a plant defined with Solanum nigrum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Solanum nigrum Acerb. ex Dunal (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Acta Botanica Indica (1985)
· Current Science
· Feddes Repertorium (1990)
· FBI (1883)
· Glimpses of Cytogenetics in India (1989)
· Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae, Botanica (1985)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Musaka, for example diet and recipes, side effects, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishmūṣaka (मूषक).—m A mouse or rat.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMuṣaka (मुषक).—A mouse.
Derivable forms: muṣakaḥ (मुषकः).
--- OR ---
Mūṣaka (मूषक).—
1) A rat, mouse.
2) A thief.
Derivable forms: mūṣakaḥ (मूषकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMuṣaka (मुषक).—m.
(-kaḥ) A rat: see mūṣaka .
--- OR ---
Mūṣaka (मूषक).—mf.
(-kaḥ-ṣakā or ṣikā) 1. A mouse, a rat. 2. A thief. E. kan or nak added to the last.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMūṣaka (मूषक).—[masculine] thief, robber; mouse, rat.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Muṣaka (मुषक):—[from muṣ] m. = mūṣaka, a mouse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) Mūṣaka (मूषक):—[from mūṣ] m. a thief, plunderer, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] a rat, mouse, [Yājñavalkya; Rāmāyaṇa; Varāha-mihira] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] a [particular] part of the face (= kara-viraka), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā [Scholiast or Commentator]]
5) [v.s. ...] a kind of metre, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Muṣaka (मुषक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. A rat.
2) Mūṣaka (मूषक):—[(kaḥ-kā-ṣikā)] 1. m. f. A mouse; thief.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Mūṣaka (मूषक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Mūsaga, Mūsaya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryMūṣaka (मूषक) [Also spelled mushak]:—(nm) a rat; hence ~[ṣikā] (nf).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMūṣaka (ಮೂಷಕ):—
1) [noun] = ಮೂಷಿಕ [mushika].
2) [noun] a thief; a burglar.
--- OR ---
Mūsaka (ಮೂಸಕ):—[noun] = ಮೂಷಕ [mushaka].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Musakada, Musakarni, Mushakabhaya, Mushakakarni, Mushakakarnika, Mushakaladza, Mushakamari, Mushakani, Mushakaparni, Mushakara, Mushakarati, Mushakashela, Mushakashele, Mushakata, Mushakata kwa pasi, Mushakavadhu, Mushakavahana, Mushakavamsha, Mushakavisha.
Ends with: Mahamushaka, Marjaramushaka, Nirmushaka, Sarbbamushaka, Sarvamushaka, Sarvvamushaka.
Full-text (+3): Mushakarati, Musakada, Sarvamushaka, Mushika, Mushakakarni, Mushakakarnika, Sarbbamushaka, Nirmushaka, Marjaramushaka, Mushak, Mahamushaka, Mushakavahana, Mushaya, Musaga, Mushakavadhu, Karnataka, Karaviraka, Musha, Hiranya, Kurd.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Mushaka, Mūṣaka, Musaka, Muṣaka, Mūsaka; (plurals include: Mushakas, Mūṣakas, Musakas, Muṣakas, Mūsakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sanskrit sources of Kerala history (by Suma Parappattoli)
3. Mushakavamsa (or Mushika-vamsa) by Atula < [Chapter 3 - Historical Details from Mahakavyas]
1. Kerala in the Mahabharata, Harivamsa and Ramayana < [Chapter 6 - Miscellaneous Sanskrit works bearing on Kerala history]
Appendix 2 - Kings of Musaka Dynasty—According to Musakavamsa
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
List of Mahabharata tribes (by Laxman Burdak)
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section IX < [Jambukhanda Nirmana Parva]
Annadatri-carita (study) (by Sarannya V.)
1. The Chera Dynasty (Introducion) < [Chapter 2 - Depiction of King Utiyan Ceralatan in History and Literature]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 114 - The Term ‘Nāgara’ < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 63 - The Greatness of Tīrthas < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-māhātmya]
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