Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
Text 10.55
नियतारोपणोपायः स्याद् आरोपः परस्य सः ।
तत् परम्परितं श्लिष्टे वाचके भेद-भाजि वा ॥ १०.९५ ॥
niyatāropaṇopāyaḥ syād āropaḥ parasya saḥ |
tat paramparitaṃ śliṣṭe vācake bheda-bhāji vā ||10.95||
niyata—of the thing established (the contextual entity) (the main upameya); āropaṇa—of the superimposition; upāyaḥ—the means (the cause); syāt—is; āropaḥ—the superimposition; parasya—of another [upameya]; saḥ—that [superimposition]; tat—that [metaphor]; paramparitam—called paramparita (“a sequence has occurred in this [by the relation of cause and effect[1] ]”); śliṣṭe—which is paronomastic; vācake—in a literally expressive word (compound); bheda-bhāji—nonparonomastic (“it partakes of a difference”); vā—or.
When one metaphor is the cause of the main metaphor, that is a paramparita rūpaka (consequential metaphors, i.e. one metaphor causes the other). The causal metaphor is either paronomastic or nonparonomastic.
parasya yasya kasyacid āropaś cen niyatasya prakṛtasyānyatādātmyāropaṇe hetuḥ syāt, tadā paramparitaṃ nāma rūpakam. tatra parasya vācakaṃ śliṣṭaṃ bhinnaṃ veti dvi-vidham api kevalaṃ mālā-rūpaṃ ceti catur-vidhaṃ tat.
If the superimposition of some other thing is the cause of the superimposition of another sameness of identity unto the contextual thing (prakṛta), then the two metaphors as a whole are called paramparita rūpaka. It has two varieties, since the word literally expressive of the other thing is either paronomastic or nonparonomastic. And each paramparita is either single (one pair) or serial. Thus there are four kinds of paramparita rūpakas.
Commentary:
The difference between a regular metaphor (niraṅga) and the main metaphor in a paramparita rūpaka is that the latter is far-fetched therefore it needs to be substantiated. In paramparita rūpaka, often the main metaphor borders on an utprekṣā.