Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.12.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तं चि॑कित्व ऋ॒तमिच्चि॑किद्ध्यृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॒ अनु॑ तृन्धि पू॒र्वीः । नाहं या॒तुं सह॑सा॒ न द्व॒येन॑ ऋ॒तं स॑पाम्यरु॒षस्य॒ वृष्ण॑: ॥
ऋतं चिकित्व ऋतमिच्चिकिद्ध्यृतस्य धारा अनु तृन्धि पूर्वीः । नाहं यातुं सहसा न द्वयेन ऋतं सपाम्यरुषस्य वृष्णः ॥
ṛtaṃ cikitva ṛtam ic cikiddhy ṛtasya dhārā anu tṛndhi pūrvīḥ | nāhaṃ yātuṃ sahasā na dvayena ṛtaṃ sapāmy aruṣasya vṛṣṇaḥ ||

English translation:

Agni, who know (the purpose of) the sacrifice, assent to this rite; be favourable to the copious showers of water; (endowed) with strength, (I undertake) not (to obstruct) sacred acts, nor adjure the rite with both (truth and untruth), but (repeate the praise) of the resplendent showerer (of benefits).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Showers of water: ṛta = sacrifice, praise, truth, water; ṛtasya dhārā = water of the sacrifice; with both truth and untruth: nāham yātum sahas na dvayena ṛtam sapāmi aruṣasya vṛṣṇaḥ = liṭ, not I to go by strength, not by the two I swear, the sacrifice of the shining showerer; yukta is implied, i.e., joined or endowed sahasa with strength;

Yātum = to injure, or injury of pious acts; this word is connected with sapāmi, i.e. spṛśāmi or karomi, I touch or do; I do not proceed to injure sacred offices; by the two, the explanation is: satyānṛtabhyam, the truth and untruth, i.e. avaidikam kṛtyam na sap_mi, na karomi, I perform not any act not enjoined by the Veda; ṛtam here means praise, and is attached to sapāmi, i.e. I vow or repeat the praise of Agni.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): sutambhara ātreyaḥ [sutambhara ātreya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तम् । चि॒कि॒त्वः॒ । ऋ॒तम् । इत् । चि॒कि॒द्धि॒ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । धाराः॑ । अनु॑ । तृ॒न्धि॒ । पू॒र्वीः । न । अ॒हम् । या॒तुम् । सह॑सा । न । द्व॒येन॑ । ऋ॒तम् । स॒पा॒मि॒ । अ॒रु॒षस्य॑ । वृष्णः॑ ॥
ऋतम् । चिकित्वः । ऋतम् । इत् । चिकिद्धि । ऋतस्य । धाराः । अनु । तृन्धि । पूर्वीः । न । अहम् । यातुम् । सहसा । न । द्वयेन । ऋतम् । सपामि । अरुषस्य । वृष्णः ॥
ṛtam | cikitvaḥ | ṛtam | it | cikiddhi | ṛtasya | dhārāḥ | anu | tṛndhi | pūrvīḥ | na | aham | yātum | sahasā | na | dvayena | ṛtam | sapāmi | aruṣasya | vṛṣṇaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.12.2 English analysis of grammar]

ṛtaṃ < ṛtam < ṛta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

cikitva < cikitvaḥ < cit

[verb noun], vocative, singular

“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

ṛtam < ṛta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

ic < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

cikiddhy < cikiddhi < cit

[verb], singular, Perfect imperative

“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

ṛtasya < ṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

dhārā < dhārāḥ < dhārā

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

tṛndhi < tṛd

[verb], singular, Present imperative

pūrvīḥ < puru

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“many; much(a); very.”

nāhaṃ < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nāhaṃ < aham < mad

[noun], nominative, singular

“I; mine.”

yātuṃ < yātum < yātu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“monster; mythical monster; sorcerer; yātu [word]; witchcraft; sorcery.”

sahasā < sahas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

dvayena < dvaya

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“two; pair; couple; falsification; Saṃsarga.”

ṛtaṃ < ṛtam < ṛta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

sapāmy < sapāmi < sap

[verb], singular, Present indikative

aruṣasya < aruṣa

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“red; red.”

vṛṣṇaḥ < vṛṣan

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

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