Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 5.12.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कया॑ नो अग्न ऋ॒तय॑न्नृ॒तेन॒ भुवो॒ नवे॑दा उ॒चथ॑स्य॒ नव्य॑: । वेदा॑ मे दे॒व ऋ॑तु॒पा ऋ॑तू॒नां नाहं पतिं॑ सनि॒तुर॒स्य रा॒यः ॥
कया नो अग्न ऋतयन्नृतेन भुवो नवेदा उचथस्य नव्यः । वेदा मे देव ऋतुपा ऋतूनां नाहं पतिं सनितुरस्य रायः ॥
kayā no agna ṛtayann ṛtena bhuvo navedā ucathasya navyaḥ | vedā me deva ṛtupā ṛtūnāṃ nāham patiṃ sanitur asya rāyaḥ ||
English translation:
“Agni, bestower of water, by what (act of) truth may you, who are adorable, be cognizant of our adoration; may the divine Agni, the guardian of the seasons, recognize me; (I know) him not (yet) as the lord of the riches of which I am the possessor.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
I know him not as the Lord: na aham patim sanituḥ asya rāyaḥ = bhajamānasya asya māma rāyaḥ svāminām tam agnim aham na jānāmi, I do not know that Agni, the master of the riches of this one, or me, the enjoyer
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): sutambhara ātreyaḥ [sutambhara ātreya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कया॑ । नः॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । ऋ॒तय॑न् । ऋ॒तेन॑ । भुवः॑ । नवे॑दाः । उ॒चथ॑स्य । नव्यः॑ । वेद॑ । मे॒ । दे॒वः । ऋ॒तु॒ऽपाः । ऋ॒तू॒नाम् । न । अ॒हम् । पति॑म् । स॒नि॒तुः॒ । अ॒स्य । रा॒यः ॥
कया । नः । अग्ने । ऋतयन् । ऋतेन । भुवः । नवेदाः । उचथस्य । नव्यः । वेद । मे । देवः । ऋतुपाः । ऋतूनाम् । न । अहम् । पतिम् । सनितुः । अस्य । रायः ॥
kayā | naḥ | agne | ṛtayan | ṛtena | bhuvaḥ | navedāḥ | ucathasya | navyaḥ | veda | me | devaḥ | ṛtu-pāḥ | ṛtūnām | na | aham | patim | sanituḥ | asya | rāyaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 5.12.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“cognizant; navedas [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“praise.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“new.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], masculine
“season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“protecting.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“bestowing; victorious.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”