Mahabharata [sanskrit]

699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944

The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).

Verse 12.137.45

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ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच ।
कालेन क्रियते कार्यं तथैव विविधाः क्रियाः ।
कालेनैव प्रवर्तन्ते कः कस्येहापराध्यति ॥ ४५ ॥

brahmadatta uvāca |
kālena kriyate kāryaṃ tathaiva vividhāḥ kriyāḥ |
kālenaiva pravartante kaḥ kasyehāparādhyati || 45 ||

Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.

...powerful foe always residing in his vicinity, competent to do good (when pleased) and chastise (when displeased), and always ready for action, how should the former, relying on his own strength, act when the...
English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (12.137.45). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Brahmadatta, Kalena, Kala, Kriyat, Karya, Tatha, Vividha, Kriya, Prava, Ritam, Tad, Yushmad, Kah, Hapa, Radhyat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 12.137.45). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “brahmadatta uvāca ”
brahmadatta* -
brahmadatta (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
uvāca -
√vac (verb class 2)

[perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]

√vac (verb class 3)

[perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]
Line 2: “kālena kriyate kāryaṃ tathaiva vividhāḥ kriyāḥ ”
kālena -
kālena (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kāla (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

kāla (noun, neuter)

[instrumental single]
kriyate -
√kṛ -> kriyat (participle, masculine)

[dative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]

√kṛ -> kriyat (participle, neuter)

[dative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]

√kṛ (verb class 1)

[present passive third single]

√kṛ (verb class 2)

[present passive third single]

√kṛ (verb class 5)

[present passive third single]

√kṛ (verb class 8)

[present passive third single]

√kṛ (verb class 3)

[present passive third single]

√kṛ (verb class 6)

[present middle third single], [present passive third single]
kāryam -
kārya (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

kārya (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

kāryā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)

[adverb from √kṛ]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)

[adverb from √kṛ]

√kṛ -> kāryā (participle, feminine)

[adverb from √kṛ]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ], [accusative single from √kṛ]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]

√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 6 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]

√kṝ -> kārya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]

√kṝ -> kārya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṝ class 9 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
tathai -
tathā (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tathā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tatha (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

tatha (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]

tathā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
aiva -
√i (verb class 2)

[imperfect active first dual]
vividhāḥ -
vividha (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

vividhā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
kriyāḥ -
kriya (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

kriyā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]

√kṛ (verb class 1)

[benedictive active second single]

√kṛ (verb class 2)

[benedictive active second single]

√kṛ (verb class 5)

[benedictive active second single]

√kṛ (verb class 8)

[benedictive active second single]
Line 3: “kālenaiva pravartante kaḥ kasyehāparādhyati ”
kālenai -
kālena (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kāla (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

kāla (noun, neuter)

[instrumental single]
aiva -
√i (verb class 2)

[imperfect active first dual]
pravar -
prava (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

prava (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]

pravā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
ṛtan -
ṛtam (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
te -
ta (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

ta (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

tā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

tad (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]

sa (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

sā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]

yuṣmad (pronoun, none)

[dative single], [genitive single]
kaḥ -
kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

ka (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kasye -
√kas (verb class 1)

[present passive first single]
hāpa -
hāpa (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

hāpa (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
rādhyati -
√rādh -> rādhyat (participle, masculine)

[locative single from √rādh class 4 verb]

√rādh -> rādhyat (participle, neuter)

[locative single from √rādh class 4 verb]

√rādh (verb class 4)

[present active third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 12.137.45

The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)

4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: ‎ 812150094X or 9788121500944;

Buy now!

The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)

ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;

Buy now!

Preview of verse 12.137.45 in Kannada sript:
ಬ್ರಹ್ಮದತ್ತ ಉವಾಚ ।
ಕಾಲೇನ ಕ್ರಿಯತೇ ಕಾರ್ಯಂ ತಥೈವ ವಿವಿಧಾಃ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ ।
ಕಾಲೇನೈವ ಪ್ರವರ್ತನ್ತೇ ಕಃ ಕಸ್ಯೇಹಾಪರಾಧ್ಯತಿ ॥ ೪೫ ॥

The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)

6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]

Buy now!

Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)

7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.

Buy now!

The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)

3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]

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Preview of verse 12.137.45 in Bengali sript:
ব্রহ্মদত্ত উবাচ ।
কালেন ক্রিযতে কার্যং তথৈব বিবিধাঃ ক্রিযাঃ ।
কালেনৈব প্রবর্তন্তে কঃ কস্যেহাপরাধ্যতি ॥ ৪৫ ॥

Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)

14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]

Buy now!

Preview of verse 12.137.45 in Gujarati sript:
બ્રહ્મદત્ત ઉવાચ ।
કાલેન ક્રિયતે કાર્યં તથૈવ વિવિધાઃ ક્રિયાઃ ।
કાલેનૈવ પ્રવર્તન્તે કઃ કસ્યેહાપરાધ્યતિ ॥ ૪૫ ॥

Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)

1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]

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Preview of verse 12.137.45 in Malayalam sript:
ബ്രഹ്മദത്ത ഉവാച ।
കാലേന ക്രിയതേ കാര്യം തഥൈവ വിവിധാഃ ക്രിയാഃ ।
കാലേനൈവ പ്രവര്തന്തേ കഃ കസ്യേഹാപരാധ്യതി ॥ ൪൫ ॥

Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)

7248pages

Buy now!

Preview of verse 12.137.45 in Telugu sript:
బ్రహ్మదత్త ఉవాచ ।
కాలేన క్రియతే కార్యం తథైవ వివిధాః క్రియాః ।
కాలేనైవ ప్రవర్తన్తే కః కస్యేహాపరాధ్యతి ॥ ౪౫ ॥

Last Updated: 17 September, 2021