Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.12

प्रणयाद् उपकाराद् वा यो विश्वसिति शत्रुषु ।
स सुप्त इव वृक्षाग्रात् पतितः प्रतिबुध्यते ॥ १२ ॥

praṇayād upakārād vā yo viśvasiti śatruṣu |
sa supta iva vṛkṣāgrāt patitaḥ pratibudhyate || 12 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.12 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.12). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Pranayat, Pranaya, Upakara, Var, Yah, Vishva, Siti, Shatru, Supta, Iva, Vrikshagra, Patita, Prati,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.12). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “praṇayād upakārād yo viśvasiti śatruṣu
  • praṇayād -
  • praṇayāt (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    praṇaya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • upakārād -
  • upakāra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • vā* -
  • vār (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    vār (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    va (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • yo* -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • viśva -
  • viśva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    viśva (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • siti -
  • siti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    siti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    siti (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • śatruṣu -
  • śatru (noun, masculine)
    [locative plural]
  • Line 2: “sa supta iva vṛkṣāgrāt patitaḥ pratibudhyate
  • sa -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • supta* -
  • supta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    svap -> supta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √svap class 2 verb]
  • iva -
  • iva (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    iva (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • vṛkṣāgrāt -
  • vṛkṣāgra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • patitaḥ -
  • patita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    pat -> patita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √pat class 1 verb]
  • prati -
  • prati (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    prati (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    pratī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    pratī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    pratī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    prati (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • budhyate -
  • budh (verb class 1)
    [present passive third single]
    budh (verb class 4)
    [present middle third single], [present passive third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.12

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.12 in Gujarati sript:
પ્રણયાદ્ ઉપકારાદ્ વા યો વિશ્વસિતિ શત્રુષુ ।
સ સુપ્ત ઇવ વૃક્ષાગ્રાત્ પતિતઃ પ્રતિબુધ્યતે ॥ ૧૨ ॥

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