Pranaya, Praṇaya: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Pranaya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Pranay.
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In Hinduism
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Praṇaya (प्रणय) or Praṇayagītā refers to one of the sixty-four Gītās commonly referred to in Hindu scriptures.—Gītā is the name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines. Most of these Gītās [i.e., Praṇaya-gītā] originate from the Mahābhārata or the various Purāṇas.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Praṇaya (प्रणय) refers to—Intimate love. Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī defines praṇaya in Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi as that state where the lover and beloved become one due to the intensity of their affection.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Praṇaya (प्रणय) refers to “love”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Certainly, O friend, these twelve reflections are the female friends of those whose good fortune is liberation [and] they are practised to procure their friendship by wise men who are absorbed in connection [with them]. When these [reflections] are correctly done constantly for the pleasure of the lords of Yogīs (i.e. the Jinas), a joyful woman in the form of liberation with a heart kindly disposed to love (praṇaya-prasanna-hṛd), is produced”.
Synonyms: Sneha.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Praṇaya.—(IE 8-5; HRS), known from the Arthaśāstra, the Junagadh inscription of Rudradāman, etc.; emergency tax or benevolence; also called praṇaya-kriyā (IE 8-5); cf. a-hiraṇya- dhānya-praṇaya-pradeya, an epithet of rent-free land. Note: praṇaya is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
praṇaya (प्रणय).—m S Love, affection, fondness.
praṇaya (प्रणय).—m Love, affection.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Praṇaya (प्रणय).—1 Espousing, seizing (as in marriage); आबद्धकङ्कणकरप्रणयप्रसादमासाद्य (ābaddhakaṅkaṇakarapraṇayaprasādamāsādya) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 6.14.
2) (a) Love, affection, fondness, attachment, liking, regard; साधारणोऽय- मुभयोः प्रणयः स्मरस्यं (sādhāraṇo'ya- mubhayoḥ praṇayaḥ smarasyaṃ) V.2.16; साधारणोऽयं प्रणयः (sādhāraṇo'yaṃ praṇayaḥ) Ś.3; (where in both cases sense 6 may do as well); Ś.6.8;5.23; Manusmṛti 17; R.6.12; Bhartṛhari 2.42. (b) A wish, desire; longing; हरेरतुलविक्रमप्रणयलालसः साहसे (hareratulavikramapraṇayalālasaḥ sāhase) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 8.7; Ś.7.16.
3) Friendly acquaintance or regard, friendship, intimacy; अजानता महिमानं तवेदं मया प्रमादात् प्रणयेन वापि (ajānatā mahimānaṃ tavedaṃ mayā pramādāt praṇayena vāpi) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 11.41; स्नेहस्य तत् फलमसौ प्रणयस्य सारः (snehasya tat phalamasau praṇayasya sāraḥ) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1.9.
4) Familiarity, confidence, trust; मया गृहीते सलिलेऽनेन कृतःप्रणयः (mayā gṛhīte salile'nena kṛtaḥpraṇayaḥ) Ś.5.
5) Favour, kindness, act of courtesy; अलंकृतोऽस्मि स्वयंग्राह प्रणयेन भवता (alaṃkṛto'smi svayaṃgrāha praṇayena bhavatā) Mṛcchakaṭika 1;1.45.
6) An entreaty, request, solicitation; तद् भूतनाथानुग नार्हसि त्वं संबन्धिनो मे प्रणयं विहन्तुम् (tad bhūtanāthānuga nārhasi tvaṃ saṃbandhino me praṇayaṃ vihantum) R.2.58; V.4.13.
7) Reverence, obeisance.
8) Final beatitude.
9) A leader.
1) Conduct, guidance. (praṇayena confidentially, candidly; without reserve or ceremony; praṇayāt openly, frankly).
Derivable forms: praṇayaḥ (प्रणयः).
Praṇaya (प्रणय).—m.
(-yaḥ) 1. Affection, friendly or fond regard. 2. Acquaintance. 3. Asking, begging. 4. Affectionate solicitation. 5. Final emancipation or beatitude. 6. Trust, confidence. 7. Reverence, obeisance, 8. Favour, kindness. E. pra before, nī to get, aff. ac .
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Praṇāya (प्रणाय) or Praṇāyya.—mfn.
(-yaḥ-yā-yaṃ) 1. Devoid of passion or desire. 2. Disobedient, disagreeing. 3. Upright, straight, in rectitude. 4. Beloved. E. pra away, ṇī to go, aff. ṇyat .
Praṇaya (प्रणय).—i. e. pra-nī + a, m. 1. Guidance, Mahābhārata 12, 3934. 2. Affection, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 364; friendly or fond regard, love, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 34. 3. Confidence, familiarity, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 11, 41. 4. Desire, Mahābhārata 13, 224.
Praṇaya (प्रणय).—[masculine] leader, guide; leading, conduct; manifestation, betrayal, [especially] of one’s feelings, confidence, familiarity, love, desire.
1) Praṇaya (प्रणय):—[=pra-ṇaya] a yana etc. See pra-ṇī.
2) [=pra-ṇaya] [from pra-ṇī] b m. a leader, [Pāṇini 3-1, 142] (jyotiṣām, [Nirukta, by Yāska ii, 14])
3) [v.s. ...] guidance, conduct, [Mahābhārata]
4) [v.s. ...] manifestation, display, [Mṛcchakaṭikā]
5) [v.s. ...] setting forth (an argument), [Jātakamālā]
6) [v.s. ...] affection, confidence in ([locative case]), love, attachment, friendship, favour ([in the beginning of a compound]; yāt ind., yena ind. and yopetam ind. confidentially, affectionately, openly, frankly), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] desire, longing for ([locative case]; anyathā, ‘for something else’), [ib.]
8) [v.s. ...] an entreaty, request, solicitation, [Rāmāyaṇa; Vikramorvaśī]
9) [v.s. ...] reverence, obeisance, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] final beatitude, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
1) Praṇaya (प्रणय):—[pra-ṇaya] (yaḥ) 1. m. Affection; acquaintance; asking; obeisance, reverence; trust; emancipation.
2) Praṇāya (प्रणाय):—[pra-ṇāya] (yyaḥ-yyā-yyaṃ) a. Devoid of desire; opposed to; upright; beloved.
Praṇaya (प्रणय):—(von 1. nī mit pra) m.
1) nom. ag. Führer [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 1, 142,] [Scholiast] jyotiṣām [Yāska’s Nirukta 2, 14.] —
2) nom. act. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 3, 24,] [Scholiast] a) Führung, Leitung: rājyapraṇayakovida (amātya) [Mahābhārata 12, 3934.] — b) ein vertrauliches Verhältniss, Vertraulichkeit, Familiarität, Zutraulichkeit, die vertrauliche Annäherung Liebender: tasmātsatsu viśeṣeṇa sarvaḥ praṇayamicchati [Spr. 325] [?(Mahābhārata).] viśrabdhaṃ kuru praṇayam [Nalopākhyāna 4, 2.] tathā śīlasamācāre rājanmā praṇayaṃ kṛthāḥ [Mahābhārata 5, 2688.] āmaraṇāntāḥ praṇayāḥ (mahātmanām) [Spr. 364.] ādau na vāpraṇayināṃ praṇayo vidheyaḥ [346.] maitrī cāpraṇayāt (vinaśyati) [1260.] nārhasi tvaṃ saṃbandhino me praṇayaṃ vihantum [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 58.] yaduktam ajānatā mahimānaṃ tavemaṃ mayā pramādātpraṇayena vāpi [Bhagavadgītā 11, 41.] praṇayādupakārādvā yo viśvasiti śatruṣu [Spr. 1837.] rāmāyāveditaṃ sarvaṃ praṇayāt so v. a. gerade heraus [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 1, 60 (52, 1] liest die Bomb. Ausg. vinayāt st. praṇayāt). [6, 66, 17. 18.] yāmītyāha divaṃ brahmanpraṇayāt [BRAHMAP.] in [Lassen’s Anthologie 56, 6.] kupitā [Meghadūta 103.] [Pañcatantra 142, 23. 43, 15.] ahamapi praṇayenedaṃ pravahaṇamārūḍhaḥ so v. a. ohne Umstände [Mṛcchakaṭikā 109, 22.] alaṃkṛto smi svayaṃgrāhapraṇayena bhavatā 24. tvayāsau praṇayaḥ kṛtaḥ du hast Vertrauen gezeigt so v. a. du hast gerade heraus gesprochen [174, 16.] eṣa te praṇayo vipra śirasā dhāryate mayā [19, 3.] tasya ca praṇayakalahena jāyā kupitā durch sein rücksichtsloses Streiten [Pañcatantra 223, 5.] yadi vāṃ praṇayo mayi wenn ihr Vertrauen zu mir habt [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 23, 81.] karasthadarbhapraṇayāpahāriṣu (hariṇeṣu) vertrauensvoll, ohne Scheu, ohne Umstände [Kumārasaṃbhava 5, 35.] pralobhyavastupraṇayaprasārita (kara) [Śākuntala 175.] praṇayāparādha ein Vergehen gegen das vertrauliche Verhältniss zwischen Liebenden [Spr. 3249.] sādhāraṇo yaṃ praṇayaḥ die vertrauliche Annäherung (Liebeserklärung) ist gegenseitig [Śākuntala 38, 15.] sakṛtkṛtapraṇayo yaṃ janaḥ [59, 13.] mayi vṛttaṃ rahaḥpraṇayamapratipadyamāne [119.] munisutā eine der Tochter des Einsiedlers gemachte Liebeserklärung [135. ad 62.] [Raghuvaṃśa 6, 12.] datto syāḥ praṇayastvayaiva [Spr. 1098.] tava cirātprabhṛti praṇayonmukhe [2875. 1836.] [Sāhityadarpana 107.] strīṇāmādyaṃ praṇayavacanaṃ vibhramo hi priyeṣu [Meghadūta 29.] sapraṇaya (vākya, vacas) offen, gerade heraus gesprochen [Mahābhārata 3, 15793.] vyājasapraṇayairvākyairjananyā ko na vañcyate [Kathāsaritsāgara 29, 82. 11.] ohne sa adj.: sā tadā praṇayaṃ vākyaṃ bhagavantamathāvravīt [Mahābhārata 3, 8584.] sapraṇayam adv. offen, gerade heraus (sprechen) [Kathāsaritsāgara 46, 191.] [Dhūrtasamāgama 73, 3.] praṇayopetam dass. [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 23, 79.] praṇayapeśalam [Geschichte des Vidūṣaka 289.] — c) das Verlangen, Begehren: yadi tāvatkṛtāntena praṇayo rtheṣu me kṛtaḥ [Mṛcchakaṭikā 53, 8.] saudhotsaṅgapraṇayavimukho mā sma bhūrujjayinyāḥ [Meghadūta 28.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 525.] mā bhūtte praṇayo nyathā wohl so v. a. verlange nicht nach Anderm, gieb dich damit zufrieden [Mahābhārata 13, 224.] — Nach den Lexicographen bedeutet das Wort viśrambha [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 22, 138. 24, 153.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 491. fg.] [Medinīkoṣa y. 88.] preman [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 24, 153.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] yācñā [Amarakoṣa] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 388.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] praśraya [Amarakoṣa 3, 3, 25.] abhimāna [3, 4, 18, 113.] prasāda [Halāyudha 5, 88.] prasara [5, 24.] prasava [Medinīkoṣa] nirvāṇa [Medinīkoṣa]
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Praṇaya (प्रणय):—
2) b) kalaha [Oxforder Handschriften 215,b,31.] praṇayena in wohlgemeinter Absicht [Spr. 4343.] [Sp. 935, Z. 9. fg.] vgl. sādhāraṇo yamubhayoḥ praṇayaḥ [Vikramorvaśī 34. Z. 15] sapraṇayaṃ vākyam auch [Mahābhārata 5, 7322. Z. 17], die ed. Bomb. liest [3, 8584] tadā sapraṇayaṃ st. sā tadā praṇayaṃ .
Praṇaya (प्रणय):—m. —
1) Führer. —
2) Führung , Leitung. —
3) das an den Tag Legen , Zeigen [Mālatīmādhava .ed.Bomb.284,3.] —
4) Zuneigung , Vertrauen ([Viṣṇupurāṇa 4,2,22]) — zu (Loc.) ein vertrauliches Verhältniss , Vertraulichkeit , Familiarität , das in ein näheres Verhältniss treten mit (im Comp. vorangehend [Vikramāṅkadevacarita 9,55]). Zutraulichkeit , die vertrauliche Annäherung Liebender. praṇayāt , praṇayena , praṇaya und praṇayopetam im Vertrauen , ohne Umstände , Begehren , — nach (Loc.) mā bhūtte praṇayo nyathā verlange nicht nach Anderem , gieb dich damit zufrieden. — Nach den Lexicographen = praman , viśrambha , yāñcā , praśraya , abhimāna , prasāda , prasara , prasava und nirvāṇa. Scheinbar Adj. [Mahābhārata ,.3,8584.] ; zu lesen mit der ed , Bomb. tadā sapraṇayaṃ vākyam st. sa tadā praṇayaṃ vākyam.
Praṇaya (प्रणय) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paṇaya.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Praṇaya (प्रणय) [Also spelled pranay]:—(nm) love; affection, attachment; -[kalaha] amatorial disputation, dispute between lovers.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Praṇaya (ಪ್ರಣಯ):—
1) [noun] love and sexual desire between a man and woman; a love affair.
2) [noun] the state, fact or an instance of obeying or a willingness to obey; submissiveness; obedience.
3) [noun] sorrow for the sufferings or trouble of another or others, accompanied by an urge to help; deep sympathy; pity; compassion.
4) [noun] an asking, requesting earnestly for; an earnest request; supplication; entreaty.
5) [noun] a very glad feeling; happiness; great pleasure; joy; delight.
6) [noun] attachment between friends; friendship.
7) [noun] motherly love and affection.
8) [noun] the fact, quality or state of being devoted to elders, respectable and saintly persons.
9) [noun] absence of mental agitation, fear, apprehension, jealosy, etc.
10) [noun] advice or counseling, provided for the good of others.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Praṇaya (प्रणय):—n. 1. love; affection; fondness; attachment; liking; 2. entreaty; request; solicitation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+11): Pranaya-kriya, Pranayabhanga, Pranayabhiksha, Pranayabhikshe, Pranayaceshte, Pranayacinta, Pranayadautya, Pranayagati, Pranayagita, Pranayaka, Pranayakalaha, Pranayakeli, Pranayakopa, Pranayakropa, Pranayakupita, Pranayamadhura, Pranayamana, Pranayamaya, Pranayaparadha, Pranayapeshala.
Full-text (+89): Pranayabhanga, Pranayakalaha, Pranayavihati, Pranayamana, Pranayasprish, Sapranaya, Nishpranaya, Pranayakopa, Pranayavat, Atipranaya, Abhipranaya, Pranayavimukha, Pranayaparadha, Pranayonmukha, Pranayapeshala, Pranayaprakarsha, Pranayavacana, Pranayavighata, Pranayakupita, Pranayopeta.
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Search found 78 books and stories containing Pranaya, Pra-naya, Pra-ṇaya, Pra-ṇāya, Praṇaya, Praṇāya; (plurals include: Pranayas, nayas, ṇayas, ṇāyas, Praṇayas, Praṇāyas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 3.3.108 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Verse 3.3.106 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 671 < [Malayalam-English-Kannada (1 volume)]
Page 702 < [Hindi-Kannada-English Volume 2]
Page 357 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 2]
Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study) (by V. Dwaritha)
Part 10 - Other varieties of Kalahāntaritā < [Chapter 7 - Kalahāntaritā]
Part 13 - Uttamā, Madhyamā and Adhamā of Svadhīnapatikā < [Chapter 2 - Svādhīnapatikā]
Part 5 - The 8 states (of the eight types of heroines) type of woman character < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.132 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 10.164 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 11.34 < [Chapter 11 - Additional Ornaments]
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