Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.58

ख्यातः सर्व-रसानां हि लवणो रस उत्तमः ।
गृह्णीयात् तं विना तेन व्यञ्जनं गोमयायते ॥ ५८ ॥

khyātaḥ sarva-rasānāṃ hi lavaṇo rasa uttamaḥ |
gṛhṇīyāt taṃ vinā tena vyañjanaṃ gomayāyate || 58 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.58 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.58). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Khyata, Khyat, Sarva, Rasa, Lavana, Uttama, Vina, Tad, Tena, Vyanjana, Gomaya, Yushmad,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.58). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “khyātaḥ sarva-rasānāṃ hi lavaṇo rasa uttamaḥ
  • khyātaḥ -
  • khyāta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    khyā -> khyāta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √khyā class 2 verb], [accusative plural from √khyā class 2 verb], [ablative single from √khyā class 2 verb], [genitive single from √khyā class 2 verb]
    khyā -> khyāt (participle, neuter)
    [ablative single from √khyā class 2 verb], [genitive single from √khyā class 2 verb]
    khyā (verb class 2)
    [present active third dual]
  • sarva -
  • sarva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sarva (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • rasānām -
  • rasa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    rasā (noun, feminine)
    [genitive plural]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • lavaṇo* -
  • lavaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • rasa* -
  • rasa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • uttamaḥ -
  • uttama (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “gṛhṇīyāt taṃ vinā tena vyañjanaṃ gomayāyate
  • gṛhṇīyāt -
  • grah (verb class 9)
    [optative active third single]
  • tam -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • vinā -
  • vinā (indeclinable postposition)
    [indeclinable postposition]
    vi (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    vi (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    vinā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • tena -
  • tena (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    tan (verb class 8)
    [perfect active second plural]
    tan (verb class 4)
    [perfect active second plural]
    tan (verb class 1)
    [perfect active second plural]
  • vyañjanam -
  • vyañjana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vyañjana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vyañjanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • gomayāya -
  • gomaya (noun, masculine)
    [dative single]
    gomaya (noun, neuter)
    [dative single]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.58

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.58 in Gujarati sript:
ખ્યાતઃ સર્વ-રસાનાં હિ લવણો રસ ઉત્તમઃ ।
ગૃહ્ણીયાત્ તં વિના તેન વ્યઞ્જનં ગોમયાયતે ॥ ૫૮ ॥

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