Yugandhara, Yugamdhara: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Yugandhara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Yugandhara (युगन्धर).—(yugandharas) In the Purāṇas there are references to a mountain called Yugandhara. The inhabitants of that place were known as Yugandharas. In Mahābhārata, Vana Parva, Chapter 129, Verse 9, there is a statement that these people used to drink the milk of camels and donkeys.
2) Yugandhara (युगन्धर).—A warrior who fought against the Kauravas from the Pāṇḍava party. He attacked Droṇācārya in the battle and was killed by him in the end. (Mahābhārata Droṇa Parva, Chapter 16, Verse 30).
1a) Yugandhara (युगन्धर).—A son of Kuṇi; with him the Śaineya line.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 24. 14; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 14. 3-4.
1b) Son of Bhūti—also Bhautya.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 101; Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 100.
1c) A son of Dyumni and Śainya.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 45. 24.
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.40) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Yugaṃdhara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Yugandhara (युगन्धर) refers to the name of a City mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IV.1.9, VI.10.40, VII.15.30, VIII.30.42). Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Yugandhara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
1. Yugandhara. One of the mountains of the Himalaya (J.i.119, 232; iv.213; vi.125; DhA.i.249; Vsm.206). It forms the first of the seven ranges round Sineru (SNA, ii.443; but according to J.vi.125 it is the fourth range).
A Yugandharasagara (e.g., J.i.64; vi.43) is also sometimes mentioned, and was probably a sea between Yugandhara and the next mountain range. When the Buddha reached Tavatimsa in three strides, his first stride was from the earth to Yugandhara (DhA.iii.216). It was on the summit of Yugandhara that Assagutta convened an assembly of the monks in order to discuss their plan of campaign against Milinda (Mil.p.6). The sun is mentioned as first rising over Yugandhara (E.g., SA.ii.165), hence the expression Like the morning sun over Yugandhara. E.g. PvA.137.
2. Yugandhara - One of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by the Buddhas followers in time of need. D.iii.205
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
General definition (in Buddhism)
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर) refers to the “the yoke-bearer mountain” and represents one of the “eight mountains” (parvata) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 125). It can also be spelled as Yugandhara. The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., yugaṃdhara). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Yugandhara (युगन्धर) refers to the “the yoke-bearer mountain” and represents one of the “eight mountains” (parvata) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 125). It can also be spelled as Yugaṃdhara. The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., yugandhara). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
1) Yugandhara (युगन्धर) is the name of an ancient Muni, as mentioned in chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, as the incarnation of Svayambuddha said to the incarnation of king Mahābala: “[...] At that time omniscience had come to Muni Yugandhara, engaged in pratimā for one night on the peak of the mountain [viz., Ambaratilaka]. Then a great festival called ‘the festival of omniscience’ was being celebrated in his honor by the gods at hand. Then the people living in the towns and villages near the mountain competed with each other to show him honor. When she saw the people, decorated with many ornaments, going there, Nirnāmikā stood in astonishment, as if she were painted in a picture. [...]”.
2) Yugandhara (युगन्धर) is another Muni active during the time of Candraprabha, according to chapter 3.6 [candraprabha-caritra].—Accordingly, “In the province Maṅgalāvatī, the ornament of East Videha in the continent Dhātakīkhaṇḍa, there is a city Ratnasañcayā. In this city there was a king, named Padma, like a lotus-home of Padmā, exceedingly powerful like the serpent-king in Bhogāvatī. Attended always by musicians who performed divine concerts, surrounded by courtesans who excelled the Apsarases, always distinguished by the beauty of his body adorned with beautiful divine unguents, ornaments, and fine garments, his commands observed by kings day and night, [...]”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Yugandhara in India is the name of a plant defined with Zea mays in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Zea americana Mill. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· A Manual of Botany for the Northern States (1818)
· New York State Agric. Expt. Sta. Rept. (1884)
· Landwirthschaftliche Flora (1866)
· Nomenclator Botanicus (1821)
· Medical Flora (1830)
· Ein Garten Eden. (2001)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Yugandhara, for example extract dosage, chemical composition, health benefits, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, side effects, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
yugandhara : (m.) name of a mountain.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर).—The pole of a carriage to which the yoke is fixed.
-raḥ a particular magical formula spoken over weapons.
Derivable forms: yugaṃdharaḥ (युगंधरः), yugaṃdharam (युगंधरम्).
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर).—(once °dhāraḥ?), (1) name of an ancient king (identical with Sanskrit id.?): Mahāvastu ii.146.19; (2) name of one of (usually 7 or with Sumeru 8) major mountains or mountain-ranges (compare Sanskrit id., name of a mountain; also Pali, and see Kirfel, [Kosmographie der Inder] 186): Mahāvastu ii.300.18 (seven); Mahāvyutpatti 4145 (°dhāraḥ, but Mironov °dharaḥ, no v.l.); Dhar- mas 125 (eight); Divyāvadāna 217.14, 16; Daśabhūmikasūtra 96.4; pl. Śikṣāsamuccaya 246.4.
Yugandhara (युगन्धर).—mn.
(-raḥ-raṃ) 1. The pole of a carraige, or wood to which the yoke is fixed. 2. The name of a mountain. E. yuga a yoke, dhṛ to hold or support, khac aff.
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर).—i. e. yuga + m-dhṛ + a, m. 1. The pole of a carriage. 2. The name of a mountain.
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर).—[neuter] pole of a carriage.
1) Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर):—[=yuga-ṃ-dhara] [from yuga > yuj] mf(ā)n. holding or bearing the yoke (?), [Mahābhārata]
2) [v.s. ...] m. n. the pole of a carriage or wood to which the yoke is fixed, [Mahābhārata]
3) [v.s. ...] m. a [particular] magical formula spoken over weapons, [Rāmāyaṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a king, [Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] of a mountain, [Mahābhārata] (with Buddhists one of the 8 mountains, [Dharmasaṃgraha 125])
6) [v.s. ...] of a forest, [Pañcarātra]
7) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
Yugandhara (युगन्धर):—[yuga-ndhara] (raḥ-raṃ) 1. m. n. The pole of a carriage; name of a mountain.
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर):—(yugam, acc. von yuga, + dhara)
1) adj. (f. ā) das Joch tragend (?) [Mahābhārata 13, 3833.] satyādiyugaṃ dhārayanti tāḥ [Nīlakaṇṭha] —
2) m. n. Deichsel [Amarakoṣa 3, 6, 4, 35. 2, 8, 2, 25.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 756.] [Halāyudha 2, 292.] saha adj. [Mahābhārata 6, 1956.] sayugabandhura ed. Bomb. —
3) m. Bez. eines best. über Waffen gesprochenen Zauberspruches [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 1, 31, 8.] —
4) m. [Nalopākhyāna Pr.] [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 2, 130.] pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Mahābhārata 4, 12.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 32, 19.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 187,] [Nalopākhyāna]; vgl. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 173,] [Scholiast] sg. Nomen proprium eines Fürsten [Harivaṃśa 9207. 1935] (wo nach sātyakiḥ) in der älteren Ausg. ausgefallen ist: yuyudhānasya bhūmistasyābhavatsutaḥ . bhūmeryugaṃdharaḥ putra iti vaṃśaḥ samāpyate ..). [Viṣṇupurāṇa 435.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 24, 14.] eines Berges [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 2, 46,] [Scholiast] [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] [BURNOUF] in [Lot. de Lassen’s Anthologie b. l. 842.] yugaṃdhare dadhi prāśya [Mahābhārata 3, 10521. 8, 2062.] eines Waldes [PAÑCAR. 1, 10, 48.] — Vgl. yaugaṃdhara, yaugaṃdharaka, yaugaṃdharāyaṇa, yaugaṃdhari .
Yugaṃdhara (युगंधर):——
1) Adj. (f. ā) das Joch tragend (?). —
2) (*m. n.) Deichsel. —
3) m. — a) ein best. über Waffen gesprochener Zauberspruch. — b) Nomen proprium — α) Pl. eines Volkes. — β) eines Fürsten. — γ) eines Berges. — δ) eines Waldes.
Yugaṃdhara (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 由乾陀山王 [yóu gān tuó shān wáng]: “Yugaṃdhara” [name of a Deity].
2) 雙持 [shuāng chí]: “Yugaṃdhara” [name of a Deity].
3) 由揵陀羅 [yóu qián tuó luó]: “Yugaṃdhara” [Sanskrit place name].
4) 逾健達羅 [yú jiàn dá luó]: “Yugaṃdhara” [Sanskrit place name].
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Yugaṃdhara (ಯುಗಂಧರ):—[noun] = ಯುಗ - [yuga -] 2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Yukam, Dhara, Yuga, Tara.
Full-text (+38): Yaugamdhari, Yaugamdhara, Yaugamdharayana, Shuang chi, Yu jian da luo, Sumeru, Gan tuo, Yu gan tuo luo, Thuni, Chi zhi shan, Yu jian da luo shan, You gan tuo luo, Kuni, Du can da la, Du kien dat la, Do kien da la, Jiu shan ba hai, gnya' shing 'dzin, Song tri, Do kien da.
Relevant text
Search found 39 books and stories containing Yugandhara, Yuga-ndhara, Yugam-dhara, Yugaṃ-dhara, Yugamdhara, Yugaṃdhara; (plurals include: Yugandharas, ndharas, dharas, Yugamdharas, Yugaṃdharas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 5 - Redemption from Curse of Alaṃbuṣā and Vidhūma < [Section 1 - Setu-māhātmya]
Chapter 14 - The Legend of Vajrāṅga < [Section 2 - Kaumārikā-khaṇḍa]
Viṣṇu-sahasranāma (Garland of a Thousand Epithets of Viṣṇu) < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-māhātmya]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Vishnu Purana (Taylor) (by McComas Taylor)
Chapter 14 - The ancestry of Kṛṣṇa’s father, Vasudeva, and his nemesis, Śiśupāla < [Book Four: The Royal Dynasties]
Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6 (by Robert Chalmers)
Jataka 476: Javana-Haṃsa-jātaka < [Volume 4]
Jataka 483: Sarabha-Miga-jātaka < [Volume 4]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section XVI < [Dronabhisheka Parva]
Section CXXIX < [Tirtha-yatra Parva]
Section I < [Pandava-Pravesa Parva]