Pratisamvid, Pratisaṃvid, Pratisaṃvidā, Pratisaṃvida, Pratisamvida, Prati-samvida: 11 definitions
Introduction:
Pratisamvid means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra1) Pratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्) refers to the “four infallible knowledges” according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVIII). Accordingly, “The infallible knowledge of teaching (dharma-pratisaṃvid) and that of the voice (nirukti-pratisaṃvid) are of two levels, kāmadhātu and the first dhyāna; the other two pratisaṃvids, [of things (artha) and of eloquence (pratibhāna)] are of nine levels: kāmadhātu, four dhyānas and four ārūpya-samāpattis”.
2) Pratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्) refers to the “four unhindered knowledges”, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XL. The pratisaṃvids, literally ‘special knowledges’, in Pāli, paṭisambhidā, “explanations, knowledges or unhindered speech” are the unimpeded, unfailing knowledges that make a good preacher.
The pratisaṃvids are four in number:
- artha-pratisaṃvid: knowledge of the thing designated.
- dharma-pratisaṃvid: knowledge of the designation.
- nirukti-pratisaṃvid: knowledge of vocal expression.
- pratibhāna-pratisaṃvid: knowledge of elocution or, more simply, eloquence.
The pratisaṃvids are inseparable: the person who possesses one possesses all of them. On the other hand, they are the same in all, although realized to varying degrees. Thus, there is no way to make distinctions between the pratisaṃvid of the Śrāvaka, the Bodhisattva or the Buddha if this is not in the mind or intention governing their practice.
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā1) Pratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्) [=pratisaṃvida?] refers to “(the four kinds of) special knowledge”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “Son of good family, there are eight purities of the insight (prajñā) of the Bodhisattvas. What are the eight? To with, (1) although they attain all good qualities, they do not stick to the view of eternity; (2) although they strive to get rid of all bad qualities, they do not fall into the view of annihilation; (3) although they enter into dependent origination, they are not contradictory with the tolerance that all things are unborn; (4) although they illuminate four kinds of special knowledge (pratisaṃvida), they are not attached to interpretation and eloquence; [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaPratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्) refers to the “four analytical knowledges” as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 51):
- dharma-pratisaṃvid (analytical knowledge of the way things are),
- artha-pratisaṃvid (analytical knowledge of meaning),
- nirukti-pratisaṃvid (analytical knowledge of language),
- pratibhāna-pratisaṃvid (the analytical knowledge of inspired speech).
The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., pratisaṃvid). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Source: DLMBS: BuddhānusmṛtiPratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्) pratisaṃvidā [paṭisambhidā] analytical knowledge. The analytical knowledge is fourfold, namely, analytical knowledge with regard to meaning (artha) [attha]; with regard to the doctrine, to reasons, conditions or causal relations (dharma) [dhamma]; with regard to etymology (nirukti) [nirutti]; and intellect that perceives the things in the above mentioned triple context (pratibhāna) [paṭibhāna].
Reference: Aṭṭhasālinī. Nidāna. 48; IV. 567. Mahāyāna-Sūtrālaṅkāra. IV. 18.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्).—f. An accurate knowledge of the particulars of anything.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्).—f. (also °vidā and app. °vida; see following items; = Pali paṭisaṃbhidā, which is often, but questionably, assumed to be the orig. form), special knowledge, of which there are four (the same in Pali), dharma, artha (or in reverse order), nirukti, pratibhāna; on their mgs. see LaV-P. Abhidharmakośa vii.89 ff.; Lévi, Asaṅga (Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra) xviii.34; Burnouf, Lotus, App. XVII; and for Pali, Chil- ders, and Kvu. translation(s) 377—382; lists of the four: Mahāvyutpatti 196—200; Dharmasaṃgraha 51; Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 393.11—12 (here without the term pratisaṃvid); listed with more or less detailed de- finitions of each, Daśabhūmikasūtra 77.3 ff.; Bodhisattvabhūmi 214.11 ff.; 258.4 ff.; °vid-avatāra, Lalitavistara 8.13; 35.16; °vid-gatiṃgata, Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 202.10; Lalitavistara 2.8 (so read with v.l:, confirmed by Tibetan, for text pratisamyag-gati°); °vidāṃ lābhy (lābhī) Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 200.11; °vit-prāpta Divyāvadāna 97.26; 180.27; 240.25; Avadāna-śataka i.96.8 etc.; anāvaraṇa-°vit-prāpta Lalitavistara 426.5; others, Lalitavistara 343.4; Bodhisattvabhūmi 207.22; Gaṇḍavyūha 4.21.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPratisaṃvidā (प्रतिसंविदा).—f. (compare Pali paṭisaṃbhidā), and app. °da, nt., = prec.; the four listed, artha-°vida-prāptā dharma-°vida-prāptā nirukti° pratibhāna° (each time vida) Mahāvastu iii.321.14-15 (prose); also, with dharma° first, and n. sg. °vidā each time, Bodhisattvabhūmi 89.25; catvāri ca (mss. confused) pratisaṃvidāni (no v.l.) sākṣīkare Mahāvastu iii.67.2-3, and again 4; in Lalitavistara 287.10 (verse) mss. confused, read probably sa-pratisaṃvida-(a could be m.c.)-satyabalaṃ ca; °vidā- nāṃ…lābhī Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 204.11 (verse); °vidāsū ca gatiṃgatānām 205.12 (verse); °vidāto, abl., Śikṣāsamuccaya 109.6 (verse).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्).—f. (-vit) An accurate knowledge of anything.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratisaṃvid (प्रतिसंविद्):—[=prati-saṃ-√vid] a [Causal] -vedayati, to recognize (?), [Divyāvadāna] ([Ātmanepada] p. -vedayamāna, feeling, [ib.])
2) [=prati-saṃvid] [from pratisaṃ-vid] b f. analytical science (4 with Buddhists), [Dharmasaṃgraha 51; Lalita-vistara]
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Vid, Prati, Samvida, Samvid, Pratisham.
Starts with: Pratisamvidhana, Pratisamvidita.
Ends with: Arthapratisamvid, Dharmapratisamvid, Nirkutipratisamvid, Niruktipratisamvid, Pratibhanapratisamvid.
Full-text (+12): Pratisamvitprapta, Pratisamvinishcayavatara, Pratisamvedana, Dharmapratisamvid, Niruktipratisamvid, Arthapratisamvid, Artha, Pratisamvedin, Pratibhanapratisamvid, Nirukti, Pratisamvedaka, Nistirana, Pratibhana, Four Analytical Knowledges, Pratyavekshana, Labhin, Pratyavekshanajnana, Pratisamdhi, Pratisamvidita, Anavarana.
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Search found 5 books and stories containing Pratisamvid, Pratisaṃvid, Pratisaṃvidā, Prati-saṃvidā, Prati-saṃvida, Prati-saṃvid, Prati-samvid, Pratisaṃ-vid, Pratisaṃvida, Pratisam-vid, Pratisamvida, Prati-samvida; (plurals include: Pratisamvids, Pratisaṃvids, Pratisaṃvidās, saṃvidās, saṃvidas, saṃvids, samvids, vids, Pratisaṃvidas, Pratisamvidas, samvidas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
7. Praṇidhijñāna, Pratisaṃvid and Araṇāsamādhi < [Part 4 - Questions relating to the dhyānas]
Preliminary note on the four unhindered knowledges (pratisaṃvid) < [Part 3 - The four unhindered knowledges]
I. The pratisaṃvids according to the Abhidharma < [Part 3 - The four unhindered knowledges]
Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang) (by Samuel Beal)
Chapter 3 - Country of Ta-ch’a-shi-lo (Takshashila) < [Book III - Eight Countries]
Buddhacarita (by Charles Willemen)
Chapter XVII - Conversion of the Great Disciples < [Fascicle Four]
The Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
A Dictionary Of Chinese Buddhist Terms (by William Edward Soothill)