Mukhya, Mukhyā: 28 definitions

Introduction:

Mukhya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Mukhy.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

1) Mukhya (मुख्य).—The gods of Sāvarṇi epoch.*

  • * Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 2. 15.

2) Mukhyā (मुख्या).—The fifth entrance on the east of the city of Puramjana. Through this Puramjana went to the kingdoms of Āpaṇa and Bahūdana with his companions Rasajña and Vipaṇa; allegorically the mouth.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 25. 49; 29. 11.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index
Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to one of the 53 gods to be worshipped in the northern quarter and given pāyasa (rice boiled in milk) according to the Vāstuyāga rite in Śaktism (cf. Śāradātilaka-tantra III-V). The worship of these 53 gods happens after assigning them to one of the 64 compartment while constructing a Balimaṇḍapa. Vāstu is the name of a prodigious demon, who was killed by 53 gods (e.g., Mukhya).

Source: Wisdom Library: Śāktism

Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to the “best (soldiers)”, according to the Mahābhārata 10.8.64–68.—Accordingly, “Good sir, they saw her, Kālarātri, standing, smiling, alone, blue-black in hue, with red mouth and eyes, garlands and unguents of crimson, red robes, a noose in one hand, a peacock feather [in her hair], binding men, horses and elephants with her horrifying fetters while she stood, capturing many headless ghosts trapped in her noose, leading those asleep in their dreams to other Nights. And at all times the best soldiers (yodha-mukhya) saw the son of Droṇa slaughtering. From the time when the battle between the Kuru and Pāṇḍava armies began, they saw [both] that evil spirit and the son of Droṇa. The son of Droṇa later felled those who had first been struck by this divinity [Kālarātri], terrorizing all creatures while shouting out ferocious bellows”.

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)
Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Mukhya (मुख्य).—Main, , principal, primary substantive as contrasted with a gualifying substantive;cf.गौणमुख्ययो-मुख्ये कार्यसंप्रत्ययः (gauṇamukhyayo-mukhye kāryasaṃpratyayaḥ) Par. Sek. Pari. 15.

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar
Vyakarana book cover
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Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to the “foremost” (among the [time measuring] instruments), according to Govinda Daivajña’s Pīyūṣadhārā (verse p.424), a commentary on Rāma Daivajña’s Muhūrtacintāmaṇi (AD 1600).—Accordingly, “[...] After having seen the rise of half of the Sun’s orb, or the setting of the half likewise, the instrument having the aforementioned characteristics should be deposited, with this sacred formula. [...] ‘You have been created a long time ago by Brahma as the foremost among the [time measuring] instruments [i.e., mukhya-yantra]. Therefore, for increasing the longevity of the couple and for conferring on them sons, wealth and the like, O water clock of mine, grant them the fulfilment of their desires’.”.

Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)
Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Shaiva philosophy

Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to the “main argument”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī 1.178.—Accordingly, “And there is no argument proving [the existence] of the [external object], and the main (mukhya) [argument] refuting [its existence] amounts to this much: the fact that there [can] be no manifestation (prakāśana) [of it] even as a [mere] object of inference if [this object] is distinct from the manifesting consciousness (prakāśa)?”.

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)
context information

Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the Bṛhatkālottara, chapter 112 (the vāstuyāga-paṭala).—The plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Mukhya] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.

Nāga as a doorway deity is associated with the Nakṣatra called Uttarabhadraka and the consequence is pradhānatva. [...] The Mayasaṃgraha (verse 5.156-187) describes a design for a 9-by-9-part pura, a residential complex for a community and its lead figure. [...] This record lists a place for flowers at Nāga, Mukhya and Bhalvāṭa (ahitraye).

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Mukhya (मुख्य) is the presiding deity the building-plot associated with the objects (1) Añjana and (2) Antimony, as discussed in the thesis entitled “concept of ritual deposit of Khmer temples in northeastern Thailand from 10th-13th century A.D.” by Naiyana Munparn.—(Also see: Acharya, Architecture of Mānasāra, 111).—Note: Mukhya is denoted in the Thai language as มุขยะ (mukya).

Source: SURE: Concept of Ritual Deposit of Khmer Temples
Vastushastra book cover
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Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Mukhya (मुख्य) [=Mukhyamantra] refers to the “chief mantra”, as discussed in the sixth chapter of the Jayākhyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra Āgama text composed of 4500 verses in 33 chapters dealing with topics such as mantra (formulas), japa (repetitions), dhyāna (meditations), mudrā (gesticulations), nyāsa (concentrations) etc.—Cf. the chapter mukhyamantra-uddhāra.

Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts
Pancaratra book cover
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Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

1) Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to the “best” (class of elephants), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 6, “on determination of measurements”]: “4. Cows of the best (mukhya), middling, and poorest types (i.e., the ‘state,’ ‘slow,’ and ‘deer’ castes) [mukhyamadhyādhamā vaśāḥ ] are respectively six, five, and four (hastas) high, eight, seven, and six long, and nine, eight, and seven in girth”.

2) Mukhya (मुख्य) refers to the “best way” (of sitting in front of an elephant’s hump).—[Cf. chapter 12, “On the qualities of elephant drivers, etc.”]: “14. Between the backbone and the neck there is a hump; there are three ways of sitting in front of it, arranged in order as best (mukhya), middling (madhya), and worst (adhama). [kramāt trīṇyāsanāni syurmukhyamadhyādhamāni hi] 15. One foot is stretched out; another has the knee bent; and one method of sitting, the last (of the three), is to be recognized by the wise as kneeling (literally, ‘relating to the knees’)”.

Source: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus
Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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India history and geography

Mukhya.—(EI 32), city elder; member of the city council. Cf. Hindī Mukhiyā, a village elder. (CII 1), chief officer. (EI 16), see mukha meaning ‘head’, ‘heading’ or ‘sum’. mukhy-āhāra, cf. mukha-āhāra. Note: mukhya is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary
India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

mukhya : (adj.) chief; foremost; most important.

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

mukhya (မုချ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[mukha+ya.mukhamiva mukhyo,iva-tthe yo..ṭī.693-6]
[မုခ+ယ။မုခမိဝ မုချော၊ဣဝ-တ္ထေ ယော။ ဓာန်။ဋီ။၆၉၃-၆]

Source: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary

[Pali to Burmese]

mukhya—

(Burmese text): (၁)ဧကန်၊ ဏင်စစ်၊မုချ၊ တိုက်ရိုက်။ (၂)ပြဓာန်းသော။

(Auto-Translation): (1) Aikan, Nganzi, Moke, Direct. (2) Specified.

Source: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်)
Pali book cover
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Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

mukhya (मुख्य).—a (S) Chief, primary, principal, leading.

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

mukhya (मुख्य).—a Chief, pincipal. mukhyaśa: ad Chiefly.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English
context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य).—a. [mukhe ādau bhavaḥ yat]

1) Relating to the mouth or the face; अथ ह य एवायं मुख्यः प्राणः (atha ha ya evāyaṃ mukhyaḥ prāṇaḥ) Ch. Up.1.2.7; Manusmṛti 5.141.

2) Chief, principal, foremost, first, preeminent, prominent; चन्दनस्य च मुख्यस्य पादपैरुपशोभितम् (candanasya ca mukhyasya pādapairupaśobhitam) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.169.8; द्विजातिमुख्यः, वारमुख्या, योधमुख्याः (dvijātimukhyaḥ, vāramukhyā, yodhamukhyāḥ) &c.

3) Foremost, recited first; मुख्येन वा नियम्येत (mukhyena vā niyamyeta) MS.1.5.6 (where explaining mukhya, śabara writes mukhyatvaṃ nāma rathantarasya prathamādhītatvam).

-khyaḥ A leader, guide.

-khyam 1 A principal rite or ordinance.

2) Reading or teaching the Vedas.

3) The month reckoned from new moon to new moon.

4) The category called अपूर्व (apūrva) (in pūrva-mīmāṃsā); मुख्यभेदे यथाधिकारं भावः स्यात् (mukhyabhede yathādhikāraṃ bhāvaḥ syāt) MS.7.1.1 (where śabara explains mukhya by apūrva).

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य).—mfn.

(-khyaḥ-khyā-khyaṃ) 1. Chief, primary, principal. 2. Relating to the face or mouth. n.

(-khyaṃ) 1. A principal or essential rite or ordinance. 2. Reading or teaching the Vedas. 3. The month when reckoned from new moon to new moon. m.

(-khyaḥ) A leader. E. mukha chief, ya aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य).—i. e. mukha + ya, I. adj. 1. Being in, or belonging to, the face. 2. Fallen from the mouth, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 141. 3. Chief, principal, [Pañcatantra] 158, 2; [Hitopadeśa] 83, 18; [Daśakumāracarita] in Chr. 183, 14; 189, 14. Ii. n. A principal rite or ordinance.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य).—[adjective] being in (on) the mouth or face, coming from the mouth; being at the head or at the beginning, best, principal, original, primary, first among (—°). [masculine] chief, leader.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Mukhya (मुख्य):—[from mukha] mf(ā)n. being in or coming from or belonging to the mouth or face, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.

2) [v.s. ...] being at the head or at the beginning, first, principal, chief, eminent (ifc. = the first or best or chief among, rarely = mukha or ādi q.v.), [Taittirīya-saṃhitā] etc. etc.

3) [v.s. ...] m. a leader, guide, [Kāmandakīya-nītisāra]

4) [v.s. ...] Name of a tutelary deity (presiding over one of the 81 or 63 divisions or Padas of an astrological house), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]

5) [v.s. ...] [plural] a class of gods under Manu Sāvarṇi, [Purāṇa]

6) Mukhyā (मुख्या):—[from mukhya > mukha] f. Name of the residence of Varuṇa, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

7) Mukhya (मुख्य):—[from mukha] n. an essential rite, [Horace H. Wilson]

8) [v.s. ...] reading or teaching the Vedas, [ib.]

9) [v.s. ...] the month reckoned from new moon to new moon, [ib.]

10) [v.s. ...] moustache, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य):—[(khyaḥ-khyā-khyaṃ) a.] Chief. n. A principal rite; reading the Vedas.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य):—(von mukha) Aussprache [Prātiśākhya zur Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 4, 164.]

1) adj. a) in oder am Munde oder Gesichte befindlich gaṇa digādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 3, 54.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 6, 43, 3.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 10, 6, 1, 11.] prāṇa [LĀṬY. 2, 5, 6.] [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 6, 9.] vipruṣaḥ aus dem Munde kommend [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 141.] — b) an der Spitze —, am Anfange befindlich; der erste, vornehmste, hauptsächlich, principalis, ursprünglich (Gegens. gauṇa, pratinidhi); der beste, vorzüglichste, vorzüglich gaṇa śākhādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 3, 103] (oxyt., was aber durch die accentuirten Texte nicht bestätigt wird). [Amarakoṣa 3, 2, 7. 3, 4, 1, 16.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1438.] [Halāyudha 4, 5.] [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 2, 29. 15, 9.] [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 1, 1, 2, 1.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 6, 2, 5.] ārti [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 6, 1, 16.] mukhyau vā āvāṃ yajñasya svo yāvadhvaryū [4, 1, 5, 16. 13, 1, 8, 2.] [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 3, 13.] vatsatarī [Śāṅkhāyana’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 3, 13.] mukhyo yajñakraturyadagniṣṭomaḥ [ŚR. 16, 20, 13.] dhana [Aśvalāyana’s Śrautasūtrāni 3, 13, 18.] mu, dvitīya u.s.w. [9, 4.] mu, madhya, avara [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 15.] [Chāndogyopaniṣad 1, 2, 7.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 200. 8, 210. 323. 10, 60.] [Duaupadīpramātha 4, 3.] [Mahābhārata 3, 2167. 2898.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 9, 33. 2, 32, 5.] [Spr. 4726.] [Suśruta 2, 347, 11.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 48, 77.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 33, 132.] ahaṃ mukhyamahaṃ mukhyamityāsīdāgrahastayoḥ [?63, 176. Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 25, 49. PARAMAH. Upakośā in Verz. d. Tüb. H. 7, 15. fg.] mukhyānuyāyin [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 17, 101.] [Halāyudha 2, 334.] [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 327, 2. 343, 2 v. u.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik S. 176.] sarga [Bhāgavatapurāṇa.3,10,18.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 47,17. 33.] [Oxforder Handschriften 82,b,4.] mukhyaḥ syātprathamaḥ kalpaḥ [Amarakoṣa 2, 7, 39.] gauṇamukhyayormukhye kāryasaṃpratyayo bhavati Cit. bei [Patañjali] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher.1,4,108.8,3,82.] [Sāhityadarpana 15,6.] [WEBER, Jyotiṣa 69. 75.] [Oxforder Handschriften 267,b,22. fg.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik.6,15. 24,13.] [Scholiast] zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi.1,4,15.6,16.2,1,1.] [Scholiast] zu [Naiṣadhacarita 22,53.] [Asiatick Researches 3,258.] Am Ende eines comp. mukhya der Vorzüglichste unter — gaṇa vargyādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 2, 131.] dvijāti [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 286.] amātya [7, 141.] [Bhagavadgītā 11, 26.] āvaraṇamukhyāni [Mahābhārata 1, 1158. 5, 7279.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 34, 9.] imānyāsanamukhyāni [?72, 15. 2, 26, 14. Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 35, 8. Kathāsaritsāgara 52, 300. 55, 237. 57, 56. Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 1, 23. Daśakumāracarita in Benfey’ Chrestomathie aus Sanskritwerken 183, 14. Pañcatantra 158, 2.] dvijamukhyatama [Mṛcchakaṭikā 1, 13.] Ausnahmsweise und aus metrischen Rücksichten steht mukhya in der Bed. von mukha = ādi am Ende eines adj. comp.: nārāyaṇīmukhyaṃ mātṛcakram [Kathāsaritsāgara 56, 76.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 8, 12, 10.] [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 327, 1.] kṣurapratadbalārdhendutīrīmukhyāstu tadbhidaḥ [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 780.] —

2) m. a) Anführer: anekamukhyaṃ balam [KĀM. NĪTIS. 15, 17. 13, 77.] daṇḍa (vgl. daṇḍamukha) [17, 49.] — b) Name eines Genius, der einem Theile des (astrologisch) in [81] oder [63] Fächer (pada) getheilten Hausplanes vorsteht, [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 53, 45. 63.] — c) pl. Bez. einer Klasse von Göttern unter Manu Sāvarṇi [Viṣṇupurāṇa 267.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 80, 5. 9.] — Vgl. gaṇa, phalamukhyā, mantrimukhya, vāramukhyā .

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Mukhya (मुख्य):—

1) b) am Ende eines adj. comp.: vastramukhyastvalaṃkāraḥ beim Schmuck ist die Hauptsache das Kleid [Spr. (II) 6009.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger Wörterbuch

Mukhya (मुख्य):——

1) Adj. (f. ā) — a) in oder am Munde oder Gesichte befindlich , aus dem Munde kommend [Gautama's Dharmaśāstra] — b) an der Spitze — , am Anfang befindlich ; der erste , vornehmste , hauptsächlich , principalis , ursprünglich ; der beste , vorzüglichste , — unter (im Comp. vorangehend) , vorzüglich. Ausnahmsweise und aus metrischen Rücksichten steht mukhaya in der Bed. von mukha = ādi am Ende eines adj. Comp. vastramukhayastvalaṃkāraḥ so v.a. beim Schmuck ist aber das Kleid die Hauptsache.

2) m. — a) Anführer. — b) ein best. Genius , der einem Theile des astrologisch in 84 oder 63 Fächer ( pada) getheilten Hausplanes vorsteht , [Hemādri’s Caturvargacintāmaṇi 1,652,2.654,17] — c) Pl. eine best. Klasse von Göttern unter Manu Sāvarṇi. —

3) f. ā Nomen proprium der Residenz Varuṇa’s [Wilson's Uebersetzung des Viṣṇupurāṇa ,8,10.] —

4) *n. Schnurrbart [Galano's Wörterbuch]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung

Mukhya (मुख्य) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Mukkha.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)
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Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य) [Also spelled mukhy]:—(a) principal, chief; main; salient; staple; leading; capital, cardinal; pre-eminent; predominant; —[gāyaka] the precentor; ~[ta/~tayā] primarily; chiefly, mainly; ~[] leading status, preeminence; predominance; —[pātra] the protagonist, the leading character; —[maṃtrī] chief minister; —[svara] cardinal vowel; predominant voice.

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary
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Kannada-English dictionary

Mukhya (ಮುಖ್ಯ):—

1) [adjective] of or for the face or mouth; facial or oral.

2) [adjective] meaning a great deal; having much significance, consequence or value; important.

3) [adjective] having or acting as if having, power, authority, influence, high position, etc.

4) [adjective] of a superior class, rank, quality, etc.; high-class.

5) [adjective] first in place or time; foremost.

6) [adjective] and others; and the like; et cetera.

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Mukhya (ಮುಖ್ಯ):—

1) [noun] that which is of much significance, consequence or value; an important thing.

2) [noun] a thing of a superior class, rank or quality; a high-class thing.

3) [noun] a man of consequence; an important man.

4) [noun] the head or leader of a group organisation, etc.; a person with the highest title or authority; the chief.

5) [noun] that which is essential, indispensable.

6) [noun] (phil.) name of one of the vital air or wind in the body.

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus
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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Nepali dictionary

Mukhya (मुख्य):—adj. 1. chief; principal; main; 2. special; exclusive; 3. leading; heading; 4. senior; foremost; topmost; 5. primary; prime;

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary
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Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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