Mathara, Māṭhara, Māthara, Maṭhara: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Mathara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraMāṭhara (माठर) is the Sanskrit name of one of Bharata’s sons, mentioned in the Nāṭyaśāstra 1.26-33. After Brahmā created the Nāṭyaveda (nāṭyaśāstra), he ordered Bharata to teach the science to his (one hundred) sons. Bharata thus learned the Nāṭyaveda from Brahmā, and then made his sons study and learn its proper application. After their study, Bharata assigned his sons (eg., Māṭhara) various roles suitable to them.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Māṭhara (माठर).—A demigod deputed by Indra to serve Sūrya (Sun). This demigod always sits on the right side of Sūrya, (Brahma Parva, Bhaviṣya Purāṇa).
2) Māṭhara (माठर).—One of the Aṣṭādaśavināyakas (Eighteen Vināyakas). (Sāmba, 16).
3) Māṭhara (माठर).—An ācārya (teacher). He is believed to be the author of the book Sāṅkhyakārikāvṛtti. (Kauṣītakī Brāhmaṇa).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Māṭhara (माठर).—A Śrutaṛṣi.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 33. 3.
1b) The sacred forest in the Vindhyas fit for śrāddha.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 13. 33; Vāyu-purāṇa 77. 33.
1c) Kaśyapa gotrakāras.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 199. 2.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names(v.l. Matthara).
A parrot belonging to Mahosadha. When Mahosadha wished to find out the plans of Culani Brahmadatta, he sent Mathara to the mynah that lived in Culanis bedchamber. Mathara made love to her, pretending that he had come from Aritthapura to ask her to marry him, because his first wife (also a mynah) had been killed by a hawk. He related the stories of Vasudeva and Jambavati and of Vaccha and Rattavati, to prove that husband and wife need not be equal in birth. Having won her heart and discovered Culanis secrets, Mathara flew back to Mahosadha (J.vi.418ff). He is identified with Ananda. J.vi.478.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraMāṭhara (माठर) is the name of a Brāhmin and master of teaching (upadeśa) from Rājagṛha according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XVI). Accordingly, “Because this man [Māṭhara] was very skillful in debate, the king had given him as a privilege a large village situated not far from the capital. This Māṭhara married and his wife bore a daughter; because the eyes of this young girl resembled those of the Chö li (śāri, the heron) bird, she was called Śāri; later the mother bore a son whose knee-bones were very big, and for that reason he was called Kiu hi lo (Kauṣṭhila). After this Brāhmin married, he was busy raising his son and daughter; he forgot all the holy books he had studied and he did not put his mind to acquiring new knowledge”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Chronological History of BuddhismDuring the reign of Bimbisara, a Mathara Brahmana of Nalada village (Nalanda) visited his court. This Brahmana was the author of Matharashastra. Undoubtedly, Matharashastra is the famous “Matharavritti”, a commentary on Sankhya Karikas of Ishvarakrishna. Therefore, Sankhya philosopher Ishvarakrishna must be dated before 2000 BC.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Epigraphia Indica Vol. 1 (1892)Māṭhara (माठर) is the name of a Brāhman mentioned in the Pallava grant of king Śivaskandavarman. He is als known as Māḍhara. The Prākrit Pallava king Śivaskandavarman of Kāñcī, who was affiliated to the Brahmanical gotra of the Bhāradvājas, confirmed and enlarged, in the eighth year of his reign, a donation, made formerly by the great king, the lord Bappa (i.e., probably his father), to certain Brahmans (e.g., Māṭhara), who resided at Āpiṭṭi or Āpiṭṭī, and were bhojakas, i.e., probably freeholders of the vilalge Chillarekakoḍuṃka or Chillerekakoḍuṃka.
According to the 4th century Pallava grant, “... and we grant here an immunity (viz.) the garden in Chillarekakoḍuṃka, which was formerly given by the great king, the lord Bappa, a giver of many krors of gold and of one hundred thousand ox-ploughs,—while he made (the gift) a means of the increase of the merit, longevity, power and fame of (his) own family and race —to the Brāhmans, freeholders of Chillarekakoḍuṃka (and) inhabitants of Āpiṭṭi, (viz.) ... to Māḍhara (Māṭhara) two shares of the produce ...”
Source: What is India: Epigraphia Indica volume XXXI (1955-56)Māṭhara is the name of an ancient dynasty, as mentioned in the “Pedda-Dugam plates of Śatrudamana” (5th century A. D.). The Māṭharas, who originally ruled from Piṣṭapura, appear to have ousted the Pitṛbhaktas from Central Kaliṅga. The Ragolu plates, issued by the Māṭhara king Śaktivarman from Piṣṭapura, record a grant of land in the neighbourhood of Siṃhapura.
These plates (mentioning Māṭhara) were discovered in the course of digging the earth for the foundation of a house at the village of Pedda-Dugam in the Narasannapet Taluk of the Srikakulam District, Andhra State. It was issued to the villagers headed by Brāhmaṇas and others, residing at the three localities called Duhāgrāma, Vasuvāṭaka and Govāṭaka.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Mathara in India is the name of a plant defined with Callicarpa macrophylla in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Callicarpa salviifolia Griff., nom. nud. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Darjeeling List (1896)
· Flora of the British India (1885)
· Flore du Kouy-Tchéou (1915)
· Flora Indica (1820)
· Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (1911)
· Symbolae Botanicae (1794)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Mathara, for example side effects, diet and recipes, health benefits, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMaṭhara (मठर).—a.
1) Intoxicated, drunk.
2) Hard, harsh (sound).
--- OR ---
Māṭhara (माठर).—
1) Name of Vyāsa.
2) A Brāhmaṇa.
3) A distiller (śauṇḍika Sk.)
4) One of the attendants on the sun (pāripārśvika); तैरेव फलपत्रैश्च स माठरमतोषयत् (taireva phalapatraiśca sa māṭharamatoṣayat) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12. 292.8.
5) Name of a Gotra; माठरोऽस्मि गोत्रेण (māṭharo'smi gotreṇa).
Derivable forms: māṭharaḥ (माठरः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryMāṭhara (माठर).—name of a brahman, father of Śārī: Avadāna-śataka ii.186.7.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaṭhara (मठर).—m.
(-raḥ) The name of a Muni or saint. f.
(-rā) Intoxicated. E. mat to respect, Unadi aff. arac, and ṭha substituted for the radical final.
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Māṭhara (माठर).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. One of the sun’s attendants. 2. The poet Vyasa. 3. Name of a Muni. 4. A distiller. E. man to reverence, aran Unadi aff., ṭhac substituted for the radical final, and the vowel optionally long; also māṭharya .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaṭhara (मठर).—I. adj. Intoxicated. Ii. m. The name of a saint.
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Māṭhara (माठर).—m. 1. One of the sun’s attendants. 2. Vyāsa. 3. A distiller.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMāṭhara (माठर).—[neuter] a man’s name.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Maṭhara (मठर):—[from maṭh] mfn. (cf. [gana] kaḍārādī) insisting on ([locative case]), [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
2) [v.s. ...] hard, harsh (of sound), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] intoxicated, [Uṇādi-sūtra v, 39 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a man ([probably] of a saint), [ib.] (cf. [gana] bidādi and gargādi)
5) [v.s. ...] hardness, harshness, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) Māṭhara (माठर):—m. ([from] maṭha) the superintendent of a monastic school or college, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) Brāhman, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
8) ([from] maṭhara [gana] bidādi), Name of an ancient teacher, [Kauśika-sūtra; Vaitāna-sūtra]
9) of a disciple of Paraśurāma, Bāl.
10) of one of the Sun’s attendants, [Mahābhārata]
11) (with ācārya) of the author of the Sāṃkhya-kārikā-vṛtti, [Catalogue(s)]
12) of Vyāsa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata] ([varia lectio] rāmaṭha)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Maṭhara (मठर):—(raḥ) 1. m. The name of a sage.
2) Māṭhara (माठर):—(raḥ) 1. m. One of the sun’s attendants; name of a poet; of a sage; a distiller.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Māṭhara (माठर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Māḍhara.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMāṭhara (ಮಾಠರ):—
1) [noun] Vyāsa, the famous sage-poet.
2) [noun] a brāhmaṇa.
3) [noun] an attendant of the Sun-God.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Matara, Mataral, Mataran, Matarani, Mathara acarya, Matharaka, Matharanem, Matharavana, Matharayana.
Ends with: Agnimathara, Matara, Namathara, Samathara.
Full-text (+9): Madhara, Matharya, Matharaka, Matharayana, Agnimathara, Kaushthila, Matthara, Varunasrotasa, Pishtapura, Mathari, Shaktivarman, Mathara acarya, Sharika, Shari, Matalan, Aneka, Matharavana, Pariparshvika, Yelamanchili, Vaccha.
Relevant text
Search found 33 books and stories containing Mathara, Māṭhara, Māthara, Maṭhara; (plurals include: Matharas, Māṭharas, Mātharas, Maṭharas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 2.347 < [Book 2 - Vākya-kāṇḍa]
Stupas in Orissa (Study) (by Meenakshi Chauley)
During Kharavela’s Reign < [Chapter 2]
From the Middle of the fourth Century < [Chapter 2]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
The Divine Attendants < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Part 4 - Origin of Śāriputra’s name < [Chapter XVI - The Story of Śāriputra]
Part 5 - What is the absolute point of view if the views are all false < [Chapter I - Explanation of Arguments]
Introduction to third volume < [Introductions]
Historical Elements in the Matsya Purana (by Chaitali Kadia)
Lineages of Kaśyapa < [Chapter 6 - Human history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Table: Janapadas or State < [Chapter 4 - Geographical history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Jainism in Odisha (Orissa) (by Ashis Ranjan Sahoo)
Jaina Antiquities in Jajpur District < [Chapter 3: Survey of Jaina Antiquities in Odisha]