Bhringa, Bhṛṅga, Bhrimga: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Bhringa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Bhṛṅga can be transliterated into English as Bhrnga or Bhringa, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Bhṛṅga (न्हृङ्ग).—The name of a plant, possibly identified with Eclipta alba. It is used in various alchemical processess related to mercury (rasa or liṅga), according to the Rasārṇavakalpa (11th-century work dealing with Rasaśāstra).
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) is another name for “Bhṛṅgarāja” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning bhṛṅga] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to the Bimaculated lark (Melanocorypha bimaculata), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Kavya (poetry)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) was one of the brothers of Maṅkhaka (or Maṅkha or Maṅkhuka): the author of the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita and the Maṅkhakośa.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to one of the ten kinds of sounds (śabda) according to the Matsyendrasaṃhitā.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to a “golden vase”, which is mentioned as an item of wealth in order to demonstrate the wicked nature of gambling (durodara), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.17.—Accordingly, “[...] O mistress! where is that gambling rogue of a son, Guṇanidhi? Or let it be. Why should I ask for him? [...] That gem-set (maṇimaṇḍita) golden vase (bhṛṅga) which I had given you is also missing. That tripod with a velvet cushion which I had given you is nowhere to be seen. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) (or Bhṛṅgadeva) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the Bṛhatkālottara, chapter 112 (the vāstuyāga-paṭala).—The plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Bhṛṅga] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.
Bhṛṅga as a doorway deity is associated with the Nakṣatra called Aśvinī and the consequence is dainya. [...] The Mayasaṃgraha (verse 5.156-187) describes a design for a 9-by-9-part pura, a residential complex for a community and its lead figure. [...] This record lists a lace for teaching the śāstras (vyākhyānasaṃśrayaḥ) at Bhṛṅga.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to a “black bee”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, “[...] [Standing on] Bhairava and Kālarātri on fire on the sun [disk] on the pericarp [of the lotus], [Heruka] is dancing. [He should visualize Heruka] [...] always having [his] mouth open [and showing] large fangs from the right and left [parts of the mouth]. [Three faces looking to the south, west, and north are colored] yellow, red, and in sequence (viz., green), [respectively,] and the other [fourteen] faces are colored like a black bee (bhṛṅga-sannibhā) [He should meditate on Heruka, who] *is greatly awful and laughs loudly and* is grinning and terrifying. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to one of the ten kinds of wishing-trees (kalpa), according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly, “[...] among the Utttarakuras the land is naturally beautiful, with sand as sweet as sugar and waters resembling autumn-moonlight. Ten kinds of wishing-trees [viz., Bhṛṅga] always give to the people whatever they desire without effort on their part. [...] the Bhṛṅgas give dishes, [...] These give definite objects, and also indefinite ones; and other wishing-trees there give all things desired. [...]”.
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) refers to a “bee”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Alone [the living soul] who is very wise becomes a god [like] a bee on a lotus [like] the face of a woman (strīmukha-ambhoja-bhṛṅga). Alone, being cut by swords, he appropriates a hellish embryo. Alone the one who is ignorant, driven by the fire of anger, etc., does action. Alone [the living soul] enjoys the empire of knowledge in the avoidance of all mental blindness. [Thus ends the reflection on] solitariness”.
Synonyms: Bhramara.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Bhrnga in India is the name of a plant defined with Cinnamomum verum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Camphora mauritiana Lukman. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Botanist’s Repository (1808)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Nomenclature et Iconographie des Canneliers et Camphriers (1889)
· Flora de Filipinas (1837)
· Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië (1826)
· Plantae Asiaticae Rariores (1831)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Bhrnga, for example side effects, pregnancy safety, health benefits, chemical composition, diet and recipes, extract dosage, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
bhṛṅga (भृंग) [or भृंगराज, bhṛṅgarāja].—m (S) A large black bee, the humble bee.
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bhṛṅgā (भृंगा) [or गी, gī].—f (bhaṅgā S) Hemp-plant, Cannabis sativa.
bhṛṅga (भृंग).—m The humble bee.
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bhṛṅgā (भृंगा) [-gī, -गी].—f Hemp-plant, Cannabis sativa.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग).—[bhṛ-gan kit nuṭ ca Uṇādi-sūtra 1.122.]
1) A large black bee; मञ्जु गुञ्जन्तु भृङ्गाः (mañju guñjantu bhṛṅgāḥ) Bv.1.5; R.8.53.
2) A kind of wasp.
3) A kind of bird.
4) A libertine, dissolute or lecherous man; cf. भ्रमर (bhramara).
5) A golden vase or jar.
6) The fork-tailed shrike.
7) A kind of measure (in music).
-ṅgam Talc.
-ṅgī 1 The female of the large black bee; भृङ्गीव पुष्पं पुरुषं स्त्री वाञ्छति नवं नवम् (bhṛṅgīva puṣpaṃ puruṣaṃ strī vāñchati navaṃ navam).
2) A poisonous plant (ativiṣa).
Derivable forms: bhṛṅgaḥ (भृङ्गः).
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग).—m.
(-ṅgaḥ) 1. A large black bee, the humble bee. 2. A catamite, a libertine, a lecher. 3. A plant, (Eclipta or Verbesina prostrata.) 4. A wasp, either the common kind, or the Vespa solitaria. 5. A golden vase. 6. The fork-tailed shrike, (Lanius cærulescens.) 7. A bird, apparently a sort of shrike different from the preceding. n.
(-ṅgaṃ) 1. Woody cassia. 2. Talc. E. bhṛ to nourish, gan Unadi aff., and kit-nuṭ augment.
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग).—probably bhram-ga, I. m., and f. gī ([Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 22, 103). 1. A large bee, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 8, 52. 2. A wasp. 3. The fork-tailed shrike, Lanius cærulescens, [Ṛtusaṃhāra] 6, 24 (cf. [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 52, 18). 4. A golden vase. 5. A libertine. Ii. n. 1. A plant, Woody cassia. 2. Another, Verbesina prostrata Roxb.
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग).—[masculine] a large black bee ([feminine] ā & ī).
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—son of Viśvāvarta, brother of Maṅkha. Śrīkaṇṭhacarita 3, 53.
1) Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—m. (√bhram) a species of large black bee, the humble bee, [Kāvya literature; Purāṇa]
2) a species of wasp, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) the fork-tailed shrike or some similar bird, [Vāgbhaṭālaṃkāra]
4) a libertine, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) a golden vase or pitcher, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) Name of a genius (= bhṛṅga-rāja), [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
7) (in music) a kind of measure, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]
8) m. or n. Eclipta Prostrata, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) Bhṛṅgā (भृङ्गा):—[from bhṛṅga] f. a large black bee (See m.), [Atharva-veda]
10) [v.s. ...] a kind of pulse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—n. the bark or the leaf of Laurus Cassia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) talc, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) Name of a man (brother of Maṅkha), [Śrīkaṇṭha-carita]
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—(ṅgaḥ) 1. m. A large black bee, fork-tailed shrike; a lecher; a wasp; a golden vase; a plant. n. Woody Cassia; Talc.
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—(von bhram; vgl. bhramara) [Uṇādisūtra 1, 124.]
1) m. eine grosse schwarze Bienenart [Amarakoṣa 2, 5, 29.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1212.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 40.] [Medinīkoṣa g. 13. fg.] [Halāyudha 2, 100.] [VIŚVA] bei [UJJVAL.] [Raghuvaṃśa 8, 52.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 17, 104.] kākakokilabhṛṅgāṇāṃ mṛgavyālaśikhaṇḍinām . haṃsakukkuṭalohānāṃ śikṣeta caritaṃ nṛpaḥ .. [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 27, 17.] atharvāṇamaśeṣaṃ ca bhṛṅgāñjanacayaprabham [102, 5.] [Spr. 2053.] [Gītagovinda 1, 8.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 6, 46.] bhṛṅgālī [Bhaṭṭikavya 6, 73.] bhṛṅgā f. dass. [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 9, 2, 22.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 24, 29.] bhṛṅgī f. dass. [Kathāsaritsāgara 22, 103.] bhṛṅgīva puṣpaṃ puruṣaṃ strī vāñchati navaṃ navam [?37, 174. Gītagovinda 2, 20. Nach Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] ist bhṛṅga m. auch = bhṛṅgarola eine Art Wespe. —
2) m. der gabelschwänzige Würger [Amarakoṣa 2, 5, 16.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 65.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1333.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Halāyudha 2, 93.] [VIŚVA a. a. O.] [VĀGBH. 1, 6, 47.] —
3) m. Mädchenjäger [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] (wo ṣiḍga für khiḍga zu lesen ist). [Medinīkoṣa] [VIŚVA a. a. O.] —
4) Eclipta prostrata Lin.; m. = bhṛṅgarāja [Medinīkoṣa] = mārkava [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] n. = keśarāja [VIŚVA a. a. O.] rasa [Suśruta 2, 152, 2. 292. 15. 484, 1.] —
5) m. = bhṛṅgāra ein goldener Wasserkrug [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] —
6) f. ā s. u. 1. —
7) f. ī gaṇa gaurādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 41.] a) Biene; s. u. 1. — b) eine best. Giftpflanze, = ativiṣā [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] —
8) n. a) Cassia (tvakpattra) [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 4, 22.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] (wo bhṛṅgaṃ st. bhṛṅge zu lesen ist). [VIŚVA a. a. O.] — b) Eclipta prostrata Lin.; s. u. 4. — c) Talk [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — Vgl. pañca .
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Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—
1) [Ṛtusaṃhāra 6, 24.] — Vgl. mahā .
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):——
1) m. — a) eine grosse schwarze Bienenart. — b) *eine Art Wespe. — c) der gabelschwänzige Würger. — d) *ein liederlicher Geselle , Galan. — e) *ein goldener Wasserkrug. — f) ein best. Genius , = bhṛṅgarāja [Hemādri’s Caturvargacintāmaṇi 1,654,9.] — g) ein best. Tact [Saṃgitasārasaṃgraha 236.] —
2) (*m. n.) Eclipta prostata. —
3) f. bhṛṅgā = 1)a). —
4) f. bhṛṅgī — a) = 1)a) [Dhanaṃjayavijaya 3,7.] — b) *Aconitum ferox. —
5) *n. — a) die Rinde oder das Blatt der Laurus Cassia. — b) Talk [Rājan 13,114.]
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Bhaṃga, Bhiṃga, Bhiṃgā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Bhṛṃga (भृंग) [Also spelled bhrang]:—(nm) a kind of large black-bee.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Bhṛṃga (ಭೃಂಗ):—
1) [noun] any of a number of related large, hairy, yellow-and-black social bees (esp. of genus Bombus, family Apidae); bumble bee.
2) [noun] any of various families of winged hymenopteran insects, characterised by a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk, biting mouthparts, and, in the females and workers, a vicious sting that can be used repeatedly; a wasp.
3) [noun] the fork-tailed shrike, Lanius caerulescens.
4) [noun] the bird Cuculus melanoleucus.
5) [noun] a man, who leads an unrestrained, sexually immoral life; a rake; a libertine.
6) [noun] a golden vase or pitcher.
7) [noun] the tree Cinnamomum macrocarpum of Lauraceae family.
8) [noun] the plant Eclipta prostrata ( = E. alba) of Asteraceae family; weed-ham.
9) [noun] any of a group of minerals (complex silicates) that crystallise in thin, somewhat flexible, translucent or coloured, easily separated layers, resistant to heat and electricity; mica.
10) [noun] a cloud.
11) [noun] lack of light; darkness.
12) [noun] black colour.
13) [noun] (dance.) a movement, raising one foot above the ground and turning our on the other.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Bhṛṅga (भृङ्ग):—n. large black bee; bamboo-bee;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+17): Bhrimgaguna, Bhrimgakitanyaya, Bhringabhishta, Bhringabjalilalaka, Bhringadeva, Bhringadhipa, Bhringadi, Bhringadiloha, Bhringaduta, Bhringadya, Bhringadyaloha, Bhringah-vriksha, Bhringahva, Bhringaja, Bhringaka, Bhringaloha, Bhringamari, Bhringamulika, Bhringananda, Bhringaparnika.
Full-text (+103): Bhringaraja, Bhringavallabha, Bhringaparnika, Bhringaja, Bhringarola, Pancabhringa, Bhringananda, Bhringasodara, Bhringarita, Mahabhringa, Bhringapriya, Bhringeshta, Bhringavali, Bhringarajaka, Bhringadhipa, Bhringabhishta, Bhringarajas, Bhringariti, Bhringasvamin, Bhringasartha.
Relevant text
Search found 51 books and stories containing Bhringa, Bhrimga, Bhrmga, Bhṛṃga, Bhṛṅga, Bhrnga, Bhṛṅgā, Bhṛnga; (plurals include: Bhringas, Bhrimgas, Bhrmgas, Bhṛṃgas, Bhṛṅgas, Bhrngas, Bhṛṅgās, Bhṛngas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 721 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 730 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 628 < [Marathi-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Sanskrit sources of Kerala history (by Suma Parappattoli)
6. The Bhrngasandesa by Vasudeva < [Chapter 4 - Traces of Historical Facts from Sandesha Kavyas and Short poems]
6.1. Prasastis of Narayana Bhatta < [Chapter 2 - Historical details from Mahatmyas and Prashastis]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.20 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.90 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.32 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 4: Second incarnation as a twin < [Chapter I]
Part 2: Divisions of time and description of the Golden Age < [Chapter II]