Atikrama: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Atikrama means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Atikrama (अतिक्रम).—Passing over a word in the क्रमपाठ (kramapāṭha) without repeating it; passing beyond, cf. अतिक्रम्य परिग्रहः (atikramya parigrahaḥ) R. Pr. X.7, which means catching a word for repetition by coming back after passing over it, e. g. इन्द्राग्नी अपात् । इन्द्राग्नी इति इन्द्राग्नी । (indrāgnī apāt | indrāgnī iti indrāgnī |) or अनु दक्षि । दक्षि दावने (anu dakṣi | dakṣi dāvane) | दक्षीति दक्षि । (dakṣīti dakṣi |)
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Atikrama (अतिक्रम) or Samatikrama refers to “transcending (all attachments)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “How then, son of good family, does the Bodhisattva transcend all attachments (sarvasaṅga-samatikrama)? What is called ‘attachment’ means the manifestation of viewpoints on the dharmas. The Bodhisattva transcends all attachments since he is free from any manifestation of viewpoints. Just as the wind is not attached to the vault of the sky, so the Bodhisattva who is endowed with the wind-like thought is not attached to any living being”.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम) refers to an “overflow (of the sea)”, according to the 2nd-century Meghasūtra (“Cloud Sutra”) in those passages which contain ritual instructions.—Accordingly, “He who desires a mighty rain must perform this rite ‘the great-cloud-circle’ in an open space, overspread by a blue canopy, shaded by a blue banner, on a clear spot of earth; [...] Even the sea may overflow (atikrama) its shore, but his auspicious word “Rain” fails not; nay, he must sustain himself on the three sweets, ghee, honey and sugar, and by rice, sugar, milk, etc., joined with all virtues of character, and repeat this; so it must needs be effectual, according to the word of the Lord of Speakers. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Atikrama (अतिक्रम) refers to “violation of vows” and represents one of the four “subsidiary dispositions which cause non observance of the vows” according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 7.23. What is meant by violation of the vows (atikrama)? It means developing deterioration of mental purity.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
atikrama (अतिक्रम).—m (S) atikramaṇa n (S) Passing over or beyond. 2 fig. Transgressing. 3 Passed or crossed state: and fig. transgressed or violated state. Ex. of comp. ājñātikrama, gurvatikrama, kālātikrama, dēśātikrama, mārgātikrama, maryādātikrama, nidrātikrama, bhōja- nātikrama.
atikrama (अतिक्रम).—m-kramaṇa n Transgressing; passing over.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Atikrama (अतिक्रम).—
1) Act of overstepping, going beyond &c.
2) (a) Breach of decorum or duty; अहो अतिक्रमः (aho atikramaḥ) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 7. (b) Transgression, violation; उपचार° केवलमुपचारातिक्रमं प्रमार्ष्टुमस्माकमयमारम्भः (upacāra° kevalamupacārātikramaṃ pramārṣṭumasmākamayamārambhaḥ) M.4.5. (c) Trespass; disrespect, injury, opposition; ब्राह्मण° त्यागो भवतामेव भूतये (brāhmaṇa° tyāgo bhavatāmeva bhūtaye) Mv.2.1. refraining from all trespass against Brāhmaṇas; दिशत्यपायं हि सतामतिक्रमः (diśatyapāyaṃ hi satāmatikramaḥ) Kirātārjunīya 14.9; कुलान्यकुलतां यान्ति ब्राह्मणातिक्रमेण च (kulānyakulatāṃ yānti brāhmaṇātikrameṇa ca) Manusmṛti 3.63; एतस्मिन्नतिक्रमे परवतीयम् (etasminnatikrame paravatīyam) M.3; गुरुजनातिक्रमात् (gurujanātikramāt) K.16; शशिनो ज्येष्ठा- तिक्रमः (śaśino jyeṣṭhā- tikramaḥ) 56. transgression (passing through); मर्षणीयोऽयमा- रोहणातिक्रमः (marṣaṇīyo'yamā- rohaṇātikramaḥ) 81; वात्सल्यादतिक्रमोऽपि (vātsalyādatikramo'pi) Mv.1 violation (of due limits or propriety); Mv.4.25.
3) Lapse, passing away (of time); अनेकसंवत्सरातिक्रमेऽपि (anekasaṃvatsarātikrame'pi) Uttararāmacarita 4; वेला° मं कृत्वा आगतः (velā° maṃ kṛtvā āgataḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1; उचितवेलातिक्रमे (ucitavelātikrame) M.2; सन्ध्य° (sandhya°) Rām.
4) Overcoming, conquering, surpassing; mostly with दुर् (dur); स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा, स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः (svajātirduratikramā, svabhāvo duratikramaḥ) &c.
5) Neglect, omission, disregard; कामतो रेतसः सेकं व्रतस्थस्य द्विजन्मनः । अतिक्रमं व्रतस्याहुर्धर्मज्ञा ब्रह्मवादिनः (kāmato retasaḥ sekaṃ vratasthasya dvijanmanaḥ | atikramaṃ vratasyāhurdharmajñā brahmavādinaḥ) || Manusmṛti 11.12.
6) A vigorous attack, determined onset (= abhikrama q. v.).
7) Excess.
8) Abuse, misapplication.
9) Imposition.
Derivable forms: atikramaḥ (अतिक्रमः).
Atikrama (अतिक्रम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Going over or beyond, lit. or fig. 2. Surpassing, excelling. 3. Transgressing. 4. Contrariety, opposition. 5. Neglect, aversion, disregard. 6. Privation. 7. A groundless demand. 8. A gallant attack, advance of an army in front of an enemy. See atikrama E. ati over, beyond, and krama to go; going beyond duty or daring.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम).—[ati-kram + a], m. Transgression (of time), [Pañcatantra] 5. 2. Violation, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 120. Offence. 4. Irreverence, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3,
Atikrama (अतिक्रम).—[masculine] going over, passing; transgression, disregard; mistake, blunder.
1) Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—[=ati-krama] [from ati-kram] m. passing over, overstepping
2) [v.s. ...] lapse (of time)
3) [v.s. ...] overcoming, surpassing, conquering
4) [v.s. ...] excess, imposition, transgression, violation
5) [v.s. ...] neglect
6) [v.s. ...] determined onset.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—m.
(-maḥ) 1) Going over or beyond, lit. or fig.
2) Sur-passing, excelling, overcoming.
3) Transgressing.
4) Neglect, disregard, impropriety.
5) Contrariety, opposition.
6) A groundless demand, an imposition.
7) A gallant attack, advance of an army in front of an enemy. (See abhikrama.) E. kram with ati, kṛt aff. ac.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—[ati-krama] (maḥ) 1. m. A transgressing; neglect; privation; attack.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—(von kram mit ati) m. [Amarakoṣa 3, 3, 33. 4, 152.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1504.]
1) das Vorübergehen, Verstreichen (der Zeit): na kālātikramaṃ kṣame [Rāmāyaṇa 5, 56, 16.] velātikrama [Pañcatantra 55, 5. 6.] vivāhasamayātikrama [188, 22.] —
2) das Ueberschreiten des Maasses: na tu kuryādatikramam [Suśruta 1, 47, 14. 2, 218, 15.] —
3) Vergehen, Fehler: kasya na syādatikramaḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 36, 11.] [NĀRADA] in [Vivādacintāmaṇi 113, 6. 7.] —
4) das Hinüberkommen, Ueberwältigung: tapo hi duratikramam [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 238.] sā babhūva niśā ghorā kālarātrīva bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ duratikramā [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 19, 18.] kālo hi duratikramaḥ [GAUḌAP.] zu [SĀṂKHYAK. 2.] duratikramā duhitaro vipadaḥ [Pañcatantra I, 228.] svajātirduratikramā (so ist zu lesen st. tidura) [III, 210. 222.] —
5) Uebertretung, Verletzung: vratasya eines Gelübdes [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 120.] —
6) Uebergehung, Vernachlässigung: brāhmaṇātikrama die Vernachlässigung eines Brahmanen [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 63.] arghyākrośātikramakṛt der einen Ehrwürdigen schimpft oder vernachlässigt ([Stenzler] oder ihm ungehorsam ist) [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 132.] —
7) muthiger Angriff [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 2, 64.] (falsche Lesart st. abhikrama).
--- OR ---
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—das Hinüberschreiten: anatikrama [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 3, 3, 1, 5.] — Abweichung: yathā mūlaṃ (das Original) tathaivaitanna manāgapyatikramaḥ [Kathāsaritsāgara 1, 10.] — Versehen, Missgriff, verkehrte Anwendung: nyāyāgatasya dravyasya boddhavyau dvāvatikramau . apātre pratipattiśca pātre cāpratipādanam .. [Spr. 1658. 2659.] = atyādhāna [Halāyudha 4, 69.]
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—m. —
1) das Hinüberschreiten. —
2) Ueberschreitung des Maasses. —
3) das Verstreichen , Vorübergehen (der Zeit) [297,7.] —
4) das Sichvergehen , Versehen , Missgriff [184,13.] [Gautama's Dharmaśāstra 12,17.] —
5) Uebertretung , Verletzung (eines Gelübdes) , das Sichnichtkümmern um Etwas [Jaimini's Mimāṃsādarśana 5,4,6.] —
6) Nichtbeachtung , Vernachlässigung (einer Person). —
7) *fehlerhaft für abhikrama.
Atikrama (अतिक्रम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Aikkama.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Atikrama (अतिक्रम) [Also spelled atikram]:—[[~kramaṇa]] (nm) infringement; contravention, violation; hence ~[krāṃta] (a), ~[krāmaka] (a).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Atikrama (ಅತಿಕ್ರಮ):—
1) [noun] transgression of moral, social or legal rules.
2) [noun] an action, deed which is against the prevailing or established rules.
3) [noun] the behaviour of a person who transgresses.
4) [noun] act of entering unlawfully upon another’s land without authority.
5) [noun] act of disobeying; disobedience; wilful neglect of order.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Atikrama (अतिक्रम):—n. breach of decorum/duty; breach; trespass;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Krama, A ti, Ati.
Starts with: Atikramak, Atikramaka, Atikramana, Atikramanakara, Atikramanem, Atikramaniya, Atikramaprakrama, Atikramapravesha, Atikramat.
Full-text (+15): Duratikrama, Vyatikrama, Samatikrama, Anatikrama, Shastratikrama, Brahmanatikrama, Vyavasthatikrama, Svaratikrama, Nishatikrama, Velatikrama, Kalatikrama, Atikram, Atikramin, Atikkama, Abhikrama, Vishnvatikrama, Atikramapravesha, Atikramaprakrama, Atikramana, Atikkiramam.
Relevant text
Search found 14 books and stories containing Atikrama, Ati-krama; (plurals include: Atikramas, kramas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 11.120 < [Section XII - Expiation for the Immoral Religious Student (avakīrṇa)]
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Verse 146.4 < [Anuccheda 146]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 34 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 121 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 405 < [Marathi-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Brihaddevata attributed to Shaunaka (by Arthur Anthony Macdonell)
Part 11-15 - Story of Syavasva < [Chapter 5 - Deities of Rigveda IV.33–VII.49]
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Alcoholism (madatyaya) - a descriptive view and its management through ayurveda < [2024: Volume 13, January special issue 2]
Abhijnana Sakuntala (with Katayavema commentary) (by C. Sankara Rama Sastri)
Chapter 1 - Sanskrit text (prathama-anka) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]