Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes the subclasses of the peripatetic beings (vyantara-deva) which is verse 4.11 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 11 of the chapter The Celestial Beings and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 4.11 - The subclasses of the peripatetic beings (vyantara-deva)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 4.11:
व्यन्तराः किन्नरकिम्पुरुषमहोरगगन्धर्वयक्षराक्षसभूत पिशाचाः ॥ ४.११ ॥
vyantarāḥ kinnarakimpuruṣamahoragagandharvayakṣarākṣasabhūta piśācāḥ || 4.11 ||
The peripatetic (vyantara) deva comprise Kinnara, Kimpuruṣa, Mahoraga, Gandharva, Yakṣa, Rākṣasa, Bhūta, and Piśāca subclasses. (11)
Hindi Anvayarth:
अन्वयार्थ: व्यन्तर देवों के आठ भेद हैं-1. किन्नर, 2. किम्पुरुष, 3. महोरग, 4. गन्धर्व, 5. यक्ष, 6. राक्षस, 7. भूत और 8. पिशाच।
Anvayartha: vyantara devom ke atha bheda haim-1. kinnara, 2. kimpurusha, 3. mahoraga, 4. gandharva, 5. yaksha, 6. rakshasa, 7. bhuta aura 8. pishaca |
Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:
The common and special names of the second class of deva are mentioned in this sūtra.
The common, meaningful designation of these eight subclasses of deva is peripatetic (vyantara), that is, those having habitations in various places. Their eight subclasses must be understood to arise from fruition of special name-karma (nāmakarma). Where are their dwellings? The dwellings of the seven subclasses, except Rākṣasa, of peripatetic (vyantara) deva are in the upper hard part–kharapṛthivī– beyond the innumerable islands and oceans. The Rākṣasa deva reside in the paṅkabahula part of Ratnaprabhā.